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北京外國語大學(xué)2013年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

招生專業(yè)：英語同聲傳譯科目名稱： 英漢互譯

（考試時(shí)間3小時(shí)，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁上無效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語（25分）

The elections in France and Greece tell us that austerity fatigue has set in. This is not surprising. For many countries no plausible exit exists from depression, deflation and despair. If the currency union were a normal fixed exchange rate arrangement, it would collapse, as did the gold standard in the 1930s and the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s. The question is whether the fact that it is a monetary union will do more than delay that outcome. Mr.Hollande says his mission is to give Europe “a dimension of growth and prosperity”. So can he achieve this laudable aim?

Fiscal tightening does not improve outcomes in shrinking economies. Thus, austerity is merely begetting more austerity. According to IMF, the ratio of gross public debt to gross domestic product will rise, not fall, in every year from 2008 to 2013 in Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal. It will briefly fall in Greece, but only because of its debt restructuring. The IMF forecasts that the economy will shrink this year, in real terms, and growth is forecast, optimistically, at close to zero in these countries in 2013. This is politically perilous. The emergence of still more extremist parties and a rising sense of betrayal seems inevitable. （206）

二、將下列短文譯為漢語（50分）

The massive new U.S. oil and gas output has brought talk of American energy independence back into vogue. Just five years ago, the experts were bracing for the United States to become dependent on imported liquefied natural gas, with uncertain geopolitical consequences, such as dependence on vulnerable Middle Eastern suppliers and entanglement in a global gas market in which Moscow plays a troubling role. That now seems like ancient history, as record gas production has spared the United States the need for large-scale imports.

The math is shakier when it comes to oil. The most bullish projections foresee around 15 million barrels a day of U.S. liquid fuels production by 2020, while the consultancy Wood MacKenzie claims that U.S. production could rise to about 10 million barrels a day by the close of this decade and 15 million before the end of the next. In any case, U.S. consumption is vastly greater. As of 2009, Americans burned through nearly 19 million barrels of oil-based liquid fuels each day to power their cars, trucks, and factories, and although that figure has edged down over the past couple of years, domestic supply is still a long way from matching U.S. Demand.

That said, U.S. demand for oil appears to have peaked. While part of the recent fall can be chalked up to slow economic growth, sustained high oil prices and improving automobile technology are also at work. New fuel- economy standards, if they stick, could drive U.S. consumption down much further. Ultimately, though, it’s a massive stretch to think the United States will eliminate the gap between oil supply and demand anytime soon.

In any case, energy independence requires more than impressive arithmetic. As long as the United States is fully integrated into the world oil market, U.S. fuel prices will rise and fall along with events on the other side of the globe — say, a war with Iran. (316)

三、將下列段落譯為英語（25分）

中國將始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路，堅(jiān)定奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。我們堅(jiān)決維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，決不會(huì)屈服于任何外來壓力。我們根據(jù)事情本身的是非曲直決定自己的立場和政策，秉持公道，伸張正義。中國主張和平解決國際爭端和熱點(diǎn)問題，反對(duì)動(dòng)輒訴諸武力或以武力相威脅，反對(duì)顛覆別國合法政權(quán)，反對(duì)一切形式的恐怖主義。中國將以更加積極的姿態(tài)參與國際事務(wù)，發(fā)揮負(fù)責(zé)任大國作用，與各國人民共同應(yīng)對(duì)全球性挑戰(zhàn)。（197）

四、將下列短文譯為英語（50分）

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，加班問題是所有工廠長期以來形成的習(xí)慣，連工人們都認(rèn)為打工就是要加班的。而加班是工廠在不增加生產(chǎn)設(shè)施和人工成本的前提下增加生產(chǎn)能力的最好途徑。例如，在東莞常平鎮(zhèn)某服裝廠，每月只有１３萬打的生產(chǎn)能力，但工廠卻接了２５萬打的生產(chǎn)定單。生產(chǎn)任務(wù)嚴(yán)重超過生產(chǎn)能力的情況，使加班問題變得無可避免，而且有愈演愈烈的傾向。隨著定單價(jià)格的下降和交貨期的縮短，工人的加班情況也愈加嚴(yán)重。而我們?cè)L問深圳福田區(qū)的一個(gè)電子廠的工人，竟然有８４小時(shí)連續(xù)工作的記錄，很多工人因?yàn)轶w力不支，而暈倒在車間。加班問題實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成為損害工人身體健康和合法權(quán)益的大問題，在各種類型的私營、外資企業(yè)中均普遍存在。(290)