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北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)2014年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

招生專業(yè)：英語(yǔ)同聲傳譯科目名稱： 英漢互譯

（考試時(shí)間3小時(shí)，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁(yè)上無(wú)效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語(yǔ)（25分）

In the pre-modern era, political, economic, and social life was governed by a dense web of interlocking relationships inherited from the past and sanctified by religion. Limited personal freedom and material benefits existed alongside a mostly unquestioned social solidarity. Traditional local orders began to erode with the rise of capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the increasing prevalence and dominance of market relationships broke down existing hierarchies. The shift produced economic and social dynamism, an increase in material benefits and personal freedoms, and a decrease in communal feeling. As this process continued, the first modern political ideology, classical liberalism, emerged to celebrate and justify it.

Liberalism stressed the importance of the rule of law, limited government, and free commercial transactions. It highlighted the manifold rewards of moving to a world dominated by markets rather than traditional communities, a shift the economic historian Karl Polanyi would call “the great transformation.” But along with the gains came losses as well—of a sense of place, of social and psychological stability, of traditional bulwarks against life’s vicissitudes.

Left to itself, capitalism produced long-term aggregate benefits along with great volatility and inequality. This combination resulted in what Polanyi called a “double movement,” a progressive expansion of both market society and reactions against it. (211）

二、將下列短文譯為漢語(yǔ)（50分）

The European Union was established with a legal treaty and is founded on the principle of the rule of law. This concept centers on a set of rules governing all society’s processes and interactions and being above all society’s institutions and organizations. The rules or laws set the moral and ethical standards by which the behaviour of members of society and organizations are judged. For the rule of law and thereby civil society to flourish, it requires the citizens of a country to respect and trust legal processes, and the law to be applied in a consistent way to all. This gives people a feeling of inclusiveness and optimism about their future. The European Union’s Governance for Equitable Development (GED) project, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from 2007 to 2012, has assisted China to benefit from knowledge of Europe’s developed legal system and civil society through technical exchange, research and knowledge sharing.

As people’s incomes grow and material living standards rise, their expectations about the quality of life, participation in civil society, protection of property and individual rights increase. Meeting these expectations for a better life in a rapidly urbanizing society with a still significant rural population is one of the key challenges facing China today. This is where the GED project has supported China in moving to a more equitable, inclusive and vibrant civil society, based on the rule of law.

The project has worked with three key Chinese agencies, the National Peoples’ Congress, the Supreme People’s Court and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on topics ranging from law drafting and court efficiency to registration of civil society organizations. The project has produced remarkable results over five years, leading to an improved environment for civil society to flourish in China, increased citizen participation in law making, reduced barriers to seeking justice, increased transparency and efficiency of selected courts and progress in the consistency of court decisions. (321)

三、將下列段落譯為英語(yǔ)（25分）

當(dāng)今世界，和平、發(fā)展、合作是時(shí)代潮流更加強(qiáng)勁，但同時(shí)人類社會(huì)也面臨著前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。歷史罕見的國(guó)際金融危機(jī)重創(chuàng)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，其深層次影響仍在發(fā)酵，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程曲折緩慢。氣候變化、資源環(huán)境、糧食安全、能源危機(jī)、公共衛(wèi)生、貧富差距、重大災(zāi)害、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、恐怖主義等全球性問題更加突出，傳統(tǒng)與非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅相互交織。國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)政治秩序還存在著不公正、不合理的問題，世界范圍內(nèi)市場(chǎng)、資源、人才、技術(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等方面的不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)遠(yuǎn)未消除。(211字）

四、將下列短文譯為英語(yǔ)（50分）

沒有作業(yè)多好，這是無(wú)數(shù)小學(xué)生的夢(mèng)想。但現(xiàn)實(shí)卻是那么無(wú)奈，總有大堆的書要讀，總有大堆的作業(yè)要完成。然而在新西蘭，這個(gè)夢(mèng)想?yún)s可以變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。

一個(gè)偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，我參觀了新西蘭的一所小學(xué)。最讓我驚愕的是，新西蘭所有低年級(jí)的學(xué)生都沒有家庭作業(yè)，也沒有教育部統(tǒng)一制定的課本。小學(xué)生通常喜歡聽故事，于是這里的老師就以故事書為課本。有時(shí)，老師也會(huì)布置一兩道家庭作業(yè)題，但都是些手工制作。比如，讓學(xué)生利用廢棄的報(bào)紙折紙花，用喝過的飲料瓶做筆筒等。然后評(píng)比出最漂亮的作品、最有創(chuàng)意的作品，并為優(yōu)勝者頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)狀。

有人覺得，這樣的教育方式，難以讓孩子學(xué)到知識(shí)，難以應(yīng)對(duì)以后的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)�？墒�，新西蘭教育專家卻認(rèn)為，知識(shí)容易彌補(bǔ)，而快樂成長(zhǎng)不容替代。這樣的教育會(huì)讓孩子人格更為健全，掌握知識(shí)更加主動(dòng)，也能成為社會(huì)需要的出色人才。（347字）