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北京外國語大學

2009年碩士研究生入學考試

英漢同聲傳譯專業(yè)試卷

I.將下列文章譯成漢語(50分)

It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to theNorthwest Passageonly one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage’s waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia.

Thefabled Northwest Passagehas made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today’s space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada’s Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name—and lost his life—on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance.

Now, with the Arctic’s sea ice shrinking at a rate of 10 percent per decade, this coveted shipping lane has opened for business—but shippers are not rushing to use it. The reason: as fate would have it,global warmingappears to also be increasing the amount of potentially deadly multiyear ice chunks lurking in the newly opened pathway.

“The thing is, the Canadian Arctic has a totally different ice regime than the Arctic Ocean,” says Stephen Howell, a climatologist at the Interdisciplinary Center onClimateChange at the University of Waterloo in Ontario.

In fact, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago acts as a “drain trap” for ship-wrecking multiyear ice, Howell says. This year, for example, when the first-year ice in the passage had melted, it opened the way for multiyear ice (MYI) from the Queen Elizabeth Islands to flow into and clog the Northwest Passage. “We call it a ‘MYI invasion’ and that’s going to be the threat as we transition to an ice-free summertime Arctic,” he says.

“The first-year ice, that’s sort of like Swiss cheese and you can just plow through it,” Howell says. This ice freezes over a winter and is seldom thicker than three feet (one meter). Often, first-year ice melts the summer after it’s frozen, but if it doesn’t, it becomes thicker the following winter and becomes multiyear ice. “The multiyear ice isn’t like Swiss cheese; it’s solid and trouble” for ships that collide with it, he says. (392)

II．將下列短文譯成漢語(25分)

We, the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G-20, have a common goal of promoting employment, welfare and development in our countries. We are convinced that strong and sustained economic growth is necessary both at national and global level to achieve this end. We have therefore discussed the requirements for long-lasting growth on the basis of our own experience and believe that domestic policy needs to address three tasks: establishing and maintaining monetary and financial stability; enhancing domestic and international competition; and empowering people to participate. Transparency and accountability within an internationally agreed framework of codes and standards remain key to ensuring sustained economic growth and stability at the global level. We agreed on the following key elements that will guide our domestic economic policies in the future. In implementing these elements, microeconomic aspects must be given due consideration. As these principles are interlinked, they must be implemented consistently, with due regard to possible trade-offs and complementarities, because many single elements have the potential of blocking the positive effects of others. While appropriate and credible policies are the basis for economic growth, they need to be backed by high-quality institutions, including ethical standards in corporate governance. Policymakers should build institutions in parallel with engaging in reforms and also ensure that institutions stay consistent with the requirements of a changing environment. However, given the diversity of institutional settings and the success of different economic strategies among G-20 countries, there is no single template for strong long-term growth. Policies need to be shaped to the special circumstances in individual countries.  （266）

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III.將下列文章譯成英語(50分)

國慶節(jié)回家，那個黃河邊上的鄉(xiāng)村，開小汽車的鄉(xiāng)親開始多見，雖然他們穿衣打扮還沒有太多的改變，但當我看到他們開上價值20多萬的汽車時，我很是欣喜。

但欣喜似乎很快止于一次街頭的聊天，鄉(xiāng)親告訴了我這里發(fā)生的兩件事。首先是旁邊村子里一個人被同村的三兄弟殺死在家中，事情起源于土地租賃，因為租金高低的糾紛，欲強租土地的人找人把不愿意接受租金價位的人打了，還發(fā)出狠話，打死也就是幾萬塊錢的事，于是被打的一方三兄弟聯(lián)合起來，有了這一命案，四個家庭隨之破碎。還有一個發(fā)生在我們村里，收割玉米的鄉(xiāng)親欲從鄰居家地上開車通過，鄰居老太太心疼莊稼不許，爭吵中躺在自家田頭說：要過，就從身上軋過。于是車轟鳴著，軋過老人，陪了幾萬塊私了。

兒時的鄉(xiāng)村，是可以夜不閉戶的。放學回家，有時家中無人，鄰居大嬸總是招呼到他們家，坐在飯桌前，一切都是那么自然。農(nóng)忙時，家里農(nóng)活忙碌，邀鄰居來幫，只需吃頓簡單的飯，聊聊天�，F(xiàn)在這里，生活的認知和價值觀已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的改變。我們都知道，國家在大力發(fā)展農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟，我也期待家鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境的改善，也相信很快就會有大的變化，但鄉(xiāng)村的這些事也讓我思考，我們是否應該在文化價值觀方面，做出相應的指點和引導呢。(495)

IV.將下列短文譯成英語(25分)

2008年11月9日，中國政府出臺了進一步擴大內(nèi)需、促進經(jīng)濟增長的十項措施，預計在未來兩年時間內(nèi)投資4萬億人民幣。中國政府在例行的中央經(jīng)濟工作會議召開之前突然宣布該方案，既顯示了中國政府抗擊金融危機、防范經(jīng)濟增長下滑的信心，也反映了中國政府對國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟增長前景的預期明顯惡化。該方案剛一出臺便引發(fā)世界范圍內(nèi)高度關(guān)注，并直接推動全球股市上漲。然而，但由于中國政府并未在第一時間詳細披露該方案實施細則，近日來圍繞該方案的猜測與爭議綿延不絕。(213)