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2016考研進(jìn)入復(fù)習(xí)沖刺期，每天閱讀一篇英語(yǔ)時(shí)文，保持閱讀的感覺(jué)，對(duì)考研人來(lái)說(shuō)是不錯(cuò)的選擇。今天給大家推薦一篇“醫(yī)療消費(fèi)”，話(huà)題有深度且涉及社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)，希望能對(duì)你的2016考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。

The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or "provider" and purchaser or "consumer" in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision, Such condition, however, does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.

衛(wèi)生保健行業(yè)存在著許多不同尋常的、甚至是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。其中人們了解最少的，包括在典型的醫(yī)患關(guān)系中扮演生產(chǎn)者或“供應(yīng)者”與購(gòu)買(mǎi)者或“消費(fèi)者”之間的奇特的角色關(guān)系。在大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，是銷(xiāo)售者努力用價(jià)格、質(zhì)量、用途等各種誘惑來(lái)吸引潛在的購(gòu)買(mǎi)者，而做決定的是購(gòu)買(mǎi)者。然而，在衛(wèi)生保健行業(yè)，多數(shù)情況下并不是這樣的。

In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician-and even then there may be no real choice-it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return "next Wednesday", whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.

衛(wèi)生保健行業(yè)中的醫(yī)患關(guān)系與一般的生產(chǎn)者-消費(fèi)者之間的關(guān)系剛好相反。一旦某人選擇了請(qǐng)某個(gè)醫(yī)生看病——即使在那時(shí)可能并沒(méi)有真正的選擇余地——通常是由醫(yī)生做出所有重要的購(gòu)買(mǎi)決定：病人是否應(yīng)該“下個(gè)星期三”來(lái)復(fù)診，是否需要拍X光片，是否需要開(kāi)些藥，等等。很少有精明的病人會(huì)質(zhì)疑這些專(zhuān)業(yè)人員的決定，或者提前詢(xún)問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián)，尤其是當(dāng)其病情非常嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候。

This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor's judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer." As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.

當(dāng)需要住院治療時(shí)，這種關(guān)系尤為明顯。醫(yī)生必須證明住院的必要性，決定需要哪些治療過(guò)程，宣布病人何時(shí)可以出院。其中某些決定可能會(huì)征求病人的意見(jiàn)，但一般情況下，醫(yī)生的決定才具有決定性。難怪在醫(yī)院看來(lái)，醫(yī)生才是真正的“消費(fèi)者”。這樣做的結(jié)果是，代表醫(yī)院“權(quán)力中心”來(lái)制定政策及決策的是醫(yī)護(hù)人員，而不是行政人員。

Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants-the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)-the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for t/he most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, the economy directed at patients or t.he general is relatively ineffective.

雖然在這種情況下通常有四方可識(shí)別的參與者——醫(yī)生、醫(yī)院、病人及付款者(一般為保險(xiǎn)公司或政府)——但是醫(yī)生替各方做最重要的決定。醫(yī)院成了醫(yī)生的延伸：付款者通常支付醫(yī)生/醫(yī)院開(kāi)出的大部分費(fèi)用，而在很大程度上病人都是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的角色。據(jù)估計(jì)，衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用的75%-80%是由醫(yī)生而不是病人決定的。因此，這種針對(duì)病人或普通老百姓的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制相對(duì)而言是無(wú)效的。

希望大家都能把文章讀懂吃透，搞定其中的生詞和長(zhǎng)難句，2016考研英語(yǔ)成功通關(guān)!