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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中長(zhǎng)難句的考察一直是歷年考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。而長(zhǎng)難句中常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而各式各樣的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常搞得同學(xué)們頭昏腦漲,導(dǎo)致句子分析不正確,不明白句子含義。本文就來(lái)談一下常見(jiàn)的幾種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式及其作用。
下面我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題中的句子:
1、Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.
reforming the system動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)
2、Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the
profession have been too conservative to implement them.
to implement them不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
3、I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come
to realize this.
associated with the company過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾somepeople
4.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.
terrifying, embarrassing現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)
大家分析對(duì)了嗎?可以總結(jié)出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的幾種形式和在句中的作用了嗎?一般來(lái)說(shuō),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有四種形式,分別是動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。如下表格所示,它們?cè)诰渥又锌梢猿洚?dāng)以下句子成分:
主語(yǔ)
|
賓語(yǔ)
|
定語(yǔ)
|
狀語(yǔ)
|
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
|
表語(yǔ)
|
同位語(yǔ)
|
|
動(dòng)名詞
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
|
|
√
|
√
|
現(xiàn)在分詞
|
|
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
|
過(guò)去分詞
|
|
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
|
動(dòng)詞不定式
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
√
|
為了幫助大家記憶非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞,告訴大家一個(gè)小竅門(mén):
1.動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞有名詞的作用,在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。
2.動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞有形容詞的作用,在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
3.動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞有副詞的作用,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
通過(guò)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的詞性,我們就可以判斷出它們所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞至恕?/font>
下面我們通過(guò)分析一句話來(lái)看一下大家是否真正掌握了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.
首先,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms作主語(yǔ),to own shares in law firms不定式作賓補(bǔ)。在英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞要求接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。它表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,屬將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。有這種用法的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:allow;ask; tell; get; wish; like; want; expect; prefer; enable; teach; know; understand; would like; cause; force; know; intend; permit; request; order; invite; encourage; warn; remind; oblige; forbid; challenge; drive,等。 例如:
Wei Fang asked me to go shopping with her.
(“逛商場(chǎng)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“叫”之后。)
然后來(lái)看一下encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency這一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),實(shí)際上盡管它非常長(zhǎng),但是它只是介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。其中to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency不定式短語(yǔ)是law firms的賓補(bǔ),to focus on improving firms’ efficiency不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。
總而言之,由于考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解和翻譯中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考察非常普遍,所以大家一定要能快速識(shí)別出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)而分析句子。另外,在寫(xiě)作中,大家也可以使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)進(jìn)行造句,這會(huì)讓我們的文章句式更豐富和高級(jí)。
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