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考研英語(yǔ)中閱讀理解占了總分?jǐn)?shù)的40%，再加上翻譯和新題型，將達(dá)到60%，可謂是占據(jù)了英語(yǔ)成績(jī)的大半江山。“得英語(yǔ)者得考研之天下，英語(yǔ)得閱讀者得成敗之江山”可見(jiàn)并非一句虛話。其重要性不言而喻。上一部分都教授給大家講解了句號(hào)、逗號(hào)、冒號(hào)和分號(hào)的“厲害”之處。接下來(lái)就繼續(xù)給大家講一下其他常見(jiàn)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在做閱讀理解的長(zhǎng)難句分析中的作用。

1.破折號(hào)

它的作用是：引進(jìn)對(duì)前文的注釋、說(shuō)明，表示聲音的延長(zhǎng)或中斷，表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折或話題的轉(zhuǎn)換等。

兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分，在閱讀中可以當(dāng)成是插入語(yǔ)，可以先不讀。如果不能讀懂破折號(hào)之前的句子的意思可借助破折號(hào)間的內(nèi)容加以理解。

例如：（真題2013Text1）

1.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable——meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.

2.Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

3.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

這三個(gè)句子都是表示的對(duì)前面的注釋說(shuō)明，在閱讀的時(shí)候可以先跳過(guò)不讀。

2.引號(hào)。

引用和諷刺兩種作用：⑴引用某人的觀點(diǎn)（是支持還是反對(duì)）；⑵用來(lái)反諷，諷刺。在考研英語(yǔ)中引用的目的：不論是正面還是反面引述都是為了說(shuō)明核心概念、中心思想，否則就沒(méi)有意義。

例如：（真題2014Text1）

1.In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.

2.On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

第一個(gè)句子中的引號(hào)，表達(dá)的引用；第二個(gè)引號(hào)的作用是反諷，諷刺。由此可以推斷作者對(duì)于“改革”的態(tài)度是否定的、諷刺的。

3.括號(hào)。

括號(hào)是一種標(biāo)號(hào)，它引括對(duì)前文的注釋、說(shuō)明、列舉和評(píng)價(jià)等內(nèi)容。有的是對(duì)前文中的一個(gè)詞進(jìn)行的，有的是對(duì)前文的一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行的等。兩種作用：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明、解釋生詞。

例如：（真題2006Text3）Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

句子中兩個(gè)括號(hào)都是解釋括號(hào)前面生詞的含義的。

4.問(wèn)號(hào)。

問(wèn)號(hào)是語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)的輔助符號(hào)工具，表示一句話完了之后的停頓。

用于疑問(wèn)句、設(shè)問(wèn)句和反問(wèn)句結(jié)尾。疑問(wèn)句末尾的停頓，用問(wèn)號(hào)。反問(wèn)句的末尾，也用問(wèn)號(hào)�？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)中，問(wèn)號(hào)往往是反問(wèn)，表達(dá)了作者對(duì)于文中話題的態(tài)度，多為否定、懷疑和批判。

例如：（真題2013Text2）Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?

30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of

[A] indulgence.   [B] understanding.   [C] appreciation.   [D] skepticism.

根據(jù)最后一句的問(wèn)號(hào)，我們可以推測(cè)出作者的態(tài)度是懷疑的，選D。

以上便是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在考研英語(yǔ)閱讀中的全部作用匯編了。對(duì)于閱讀，2016考研的小伙伴不僅要搞清楚長(zhǎng)難句的重點(diǎn)詞匯、句型、句式和語(yǔ)法特征，有時(shí)候標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的作用也不可小覷�？赡芤粋�(gè)不起眼的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)就會(huì)成為打開(kāi)長(zhǎng)難句的解題思路。都教授希望考研的同學(xué)們能夠重視起來(lái)。從各個(gè)角度來(lái)瓦解閱讀的長(zhǎng)難句，從而攻克閱讀，取得考研成功。