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要想攻克長難句，掌握必要的語法知識尤為重要。非謂語動詞短語的形式包括動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式，它們在句子中可以充當不同的句子成分，下面我們具體談?wù)劮衷~作狀語的八類情況。

一、表時間,可以和時間狀語從句互換。如：

Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.=

When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. =

When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.

二、表原因,可以和原因狀語從句互換。如：

Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. =

Because I did not know her address, I wasn’t able to contact her.

三、表條件,可以和條件狀語從句互換。如：

Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.=

If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.

四、表讓步，可以和讓步狀語從句互換。如：

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =

Although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.

五、表方式，如：

He earns a living driving a truck.

I’m returning you letter as requested.

六、表伴隨，如：

Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.(考研閱讀真題2014 Text 1)

在這個句子中，delighted分詞短語作伴隨狀語，表示去求職中心的狀態(tài)。

七、表結(jié)果，分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語在考研英語閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，并作為因果邏輯關(guān)系的考點出現(xiàn)在題干和選項中，請大家一定要注意非謂語動詞短語的這種語法功能。如：

The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. (考研閱讀真題2014 Text 2)

在這句話中，tempting分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示最好的律師掙錢很多這種現(xiàn)象帶來的結(jié)果是引起更多學(xué)生考法律學(xué)校。題干中的問題是A lot of students take up law as their profession due to，即學(xué)生學(xué)法律專業(yè)的原因是什么，這個問題從上句話中就可以找出答案，是因為經(jīng)濟回報的吸引，即選項the attraction of financial rewards。

By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 1)

在這個句子中，shaking 分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示品牌綁架時尚圈的后果。

Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 3)

在這個句子中，leading分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示科技將治愈人類所有疾病后帶來的結(jié)果。

八、與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格，如：

Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. (考研閱讀真題2013 Text 2)

在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，需要注意非謂語動詞的主語是其前出現(xiàn)的名詞或名詞短語。Being what it is 的邏輯主語是human nature, 翻譯為人類本性就是這樣。

在考研閱讀中，分詞短語作狀語在句中出現(xiàn)的頻率很大，大家需要注意分辨清分詞短語與主句的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣我們才能更好地理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，進而在選擇答案時能夠做到有的放矢。