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There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —meaning something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.”

答案

1.但是這一點(diǎn)與其說是與學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境具有誘惑力的召喚有關(guān)，還不如說是與變化的市場狀況有關(guān)——一這是一個學(xué)術(shù)評論家很少考慮的因素。

2.還不到四十歲，西爾弗伯格就已出版了一百多本書籍，而他對真正散文的質(zhì)量與應(yīng)時之作的質(zhì)量之間的關(guān)系十分坦誠，毫無掩飾。

3.在他雙親的敦促下，他報考了哥倫比亞大學(xué)，所以即便最糟他也能進(jìn)入新聞學(xué)校，“將來總可以有一份穩(wěn)定的好工作。”

4.到大四結(jié)束的時候，他每星期寫科幻小說已經(jīng)可以賺兩百美元了，而他的雙親也接受了他對于文學(xué)生涯的追求。

5.我知道我寫不出作為讀者的我所喜歡的東西，就像喬伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么關(guān)注我所寫的東西。

總體分析

本文介紹了科幻小說家羅伯特·西爾弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小說的繁榮與市場需求關(guān)系緊密，接著通過介紹多產(chǎn)的科幻小說家西爾弗伯格的創(chuàng)作經(jīng)歷予以說明。

本文考查的知識點(diǎn)：后置定語、插入語、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語、上下文中詞義的選擇，等。

試題精解

1.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：比較結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語的翻譯。

該句的主干是this may have less to do with... than with...，其中含有一個比較結(jié)構(gòu)less... than...，可譯為“與其說…不如說…”。破折號后是名詞短語a factor that... 做整個主句的同位語，其中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語。由于是同位語，可單獨(dú)譯為一個句子，補(bǔ)譯“這”為它的主語。

詞匯：luring是lure的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，可譯為“具有誘惑力的”;factor意為“因素”;take into account意為“考慮”。

2.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：詞義的選擇。

該句是and連接的兩個并列分句，其主干是Silverberg has published... , and he is frank about...。

詞匯：in one’s thirties意為“在(某人)三十幾歲時”，由于本句中有l(wèi)ate修飾，如果直譯為“三十幾歲晚期”不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，應(yīng)意譯為“不到四十歲”。disarmingly意為“使人消除敵意(或懷疑、怒氣等)的”，與frank一起應(yīng)譯為“十分坦誠、直言不諱”。genuine意為“真正的;坦率的，真誠的”。available意為“可獲得的，可找到的”，outlet意為“(思想、感情、精力發(fā)泄的)出路，表現(xiàn)機(jī)會”，available outlet不能直譯，而應(yīng)根據(jù)上文對應(yīng)的genuine prose(真正的散文)意譯為“應(yīng)時之作”。

3.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：順譯法。

該句是主從復(fù)合句，其主干是he enrolled... so that... he could go to...，翻譯時可采用順譯的方法，保持原來句子的順序。句首介詞短語At his parents’ urging作狀語。so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其中插入語if worst came to worst做條件狀語，應(yīng)意譯為“在最糟糕的情況下”。

詞匯：urging為urge的動名詞形式，譯為“敦促”;

4.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：順譯法和分詞的翻譯。

該句是and連接的并列句，其主干是he was earning... and his parents were...，可采用順譯的方法翻譯。前一分句中，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)writing science fiction作方式狀語，翻譯時應(yīng)置于謂語前面，譯為“(通過)寫科幻小說”。

詞匯：be reconciled to意為“將就，妥協(xié)，接受”。

5.[精解] 本題考核知識點(diǎn)：插入語、后置定語的翻譯

該句是個主從復(fù)合句，其主干是I knew... so I detached...。主從句之間是插入語，列舉了幾個作家的名字，根據(jù)上下文，這些名字實際上指代的是作家的作品，應(yīng)補(bǔ)譯為“喬伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品”。I knew后是省略了關(guān)系代詞的賓語從句I could not write...，其中賓語the kind of things后又接有一個定語從句I admired as...，由于定語不長，可直接譯為漢語的前置定語。

詞匯：detach oneself from sth.意為“掙脫，擺脫，離開”，文中應(yīng)意譯為“不關(guān)注我寫的東西”。