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考研英語翻譯難點精析(三)

反譯法

一個問題有時可以從不同的角度來解釋說明。有些句子英語是從正面說的，漢語可以從反面來解釋。

1)否定譯成肯定。

Eg:

I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次經(jīng)過那家劇院，我都會想起他的最后一次演出。

Eg:

Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美國公民科盲日益嚴重，這種調(diào)查報告幾乎月月都有。(雙重否定)

2)肯定譯成否定。

Eg:

Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨餓的權(quán)利。

Eg:

This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.這種困境將是確定無疑的，[來源：考研加油綻]因為能源的匱乏使農(nóng)業(yè)無法以高能量消耗、投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可能獲得高產(chǎn)的美國耕種方式繼續(xù)下去了。

Eg:

The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯誤的，因為在抨擊這類測試時，批評者不考慮其弊病來自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。

幾種特殊否定句式的翻譯法

“no more…than翻譯成漢語“和……一樣不”

Eg:

The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.臟和胃一樣不能思維，都受大腦支配。

Eg:

There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.他們沒有理由限定你吃多少維生素，就如同他們不能限定你喝多少水一樣。

“not so much …as”翻譯成“與其說……，不如說……”

Eg:

It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.與其說他輸了比賽是多次被擊中，不如說是自己缺乏斗志。

Eg:

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史研究中各個具體領(lǐng)域使用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。

Eg:

He is the last person I want to see in the world.他是這個世界上我最不愿意見到的人。