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考研英語備考中,考研er們除了掌握詞匯的基本含義外,還需要掌握詞匯之間的詞義關(guān)系,如同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等。在此給大家分享一些常見的近義詞,希望大家不要再跳入“坑”里。
▶1、compel,constrain,force,oblige都有“強(qiáng)迫”的意思。
▶compel v.強(qiáng)迫,迫使,常表示運(yùn)用權(quán)利、力量迫使對(duì)方做某事;有時(shí)也表示“別無辦法,不得不做”。
eg:His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他臥床休息。
▶constrain v.力勸,強(qiáng)迫,與compel意思相近,但更多強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強(qiáng)迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的場合。
eg:As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他認(rèn)為自己是藝術(shù)家,不必象一般人那樣要受到社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則的約束。
▶force v.強(qiáng)迫,迫使,暴力威脅的意味較濃,常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
eg:The thief forced her to hand over the money. 強(qiáng)盜逼迫她把錢交出來。
▶oblige v.(因法律、習(xí)俗等)強(qiáng)迫,迫使,常常用于被動(dòng)。
eg:We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我們遇到紅燈時(shí)必須停車。
▶2、comprise,compose,consist,constitute,include這一組動(dòng)詞都有“組成,包含”的意思。
▶comprise v.包含,包括,由……組成(整體);組成,構(gòu)成。
eg:Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items. 我們公司的生產(chǎn)線是由2,500個(gè)不同的組成部分構(gòu)成的。
▶compose v.構(gòu)成(整體),組成;由……組成(后接of,常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài));創(chuàng)作(作曲、詩歌等).
eg:The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委員會(huì)主要由教師和學(xué)生家長組成。
▶consist v.組成,構(gòu)成,由……組成(后接of,常用于主動(dòng)語態(tài));(后接in)在于,存在于。
eg:The problem consists of two parts. 問題由兩部分組成。
eg:The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 這計(jì)劃的好處就在于簡單易行。
▶constitute v.構(gòu)成,組成(整體).
eg:Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems. 犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個(gè)城市面臨的主要問題。
▶include v.包括,包含,把……列入。
▶3、confinement,limitation,restraint“限制,局限”
▶Confinement n.限制,囚禁(于某地或某種境地).
eg:The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement. 那犯人被判處單獨(dú)監(jiān)禁三個(gè)月。
▶Limitation n.限制,局限;(能力的)缺點(diǎn),弱點(diǎn)。
eg:That employee has limitations on what work he can do. 那個(gè)雇員能做的工作有限。
▶restraint n.克制,抑制;約束措施。
eg:Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child. 即使母親很生氣,她仍克制自己沒有向孩子大吼。
▶4、convert,invert,revert,transform都有“轉(zhuǎn)變”的意思。
▶convert v.轉(zhuǎn)變,變換,含有“使某人改變觀點(diǎn)”的意思。
eg:He wants to convert to Catholicism. 他要皈依天主教。
▶invert v.使顛倒,使倒轉(zhuǎn),使反向。常常表示位置、順序、方向等的顛倒。
eg:The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice. 嬰兒把杯子打翻,弄灑了里面的橙汁。
▶revert v.歸還,恢復(fù)原狀。指回到原來的狀態(tài)或情形。
eg:John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John. 約翰送給他的哥哥一所房子,當(dāng)他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有權(quán)重新歸于約翰。
▶transform v.改變,轉(zhuǎn)變,指形狀、顏色、大小、性質(zhì)等的改變。
▶5、credible,credulous,plausible都有“可信”的意思。
▶credible a.可信的,可靠的。
eg:That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick. 那個(gè)學(xué)生跟老師講了實(shí)情,她沒來上課是因?yàn)樗×恕?/font>
▶credulous a.輕信的,易于相信的。
eg:She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money. 她很容易輕信別人,竟然聽信那個(gè)銷售員的話以高價(jià)買了那輛車。
▶plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的),常帶有懷疑的意思。
eg:Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced. 雖然這個(gè)解釋合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
▶6、decline,refuse,reject,deny都有“拒絕”的意思。
▶decline v.婉言拒絕,謝絕,相當(dāng)于refuse politely,主要用于拒絕有關(guān)社交活動(dòng)的邀請(qǐng)或要求幫助的請(qǐng)求,后接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式,主語只能是人。
▶refuse v.是比較普通的用詞,表示“拒絕”,含有非常堅(jiān)決地、不客氣地拒絕的意思。
▶reject v.拋棄,不采納,主語可以是人或物,后接名詞,不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。
eg:He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him. 他三次約她去看電影,但每一次都被拒絕。
▶deny v.否認(rèn),否定,其后可接名詞,代詞或that從句。
eg:The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court. 被告在法庭上否認(rèn)了對(duì)他的指控。
形近易混詞:
▶1、certify,rectify,testify,verify
▶certify v.證明,聲稱是真的。
eg:He certified it was his wife's handwriting. 他證明那是他妻子的手跡。
▶rectify v.改正,糾正;整頓。
eg:He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. 他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯(cuò)。
▶testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作證;表明。
eg:He is the only person who can testify in this case. 他是這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。
▶verify v.(用事實(shí))證實(shí)或核實(shí)。
eg:I verified the store's address by calling to check it. 我打電話詢問,以核實(shí)商店的地址。
▶2、considerable,considerate
▶considerable a.相當(dāng)大的,相當(dāng)多的;值得考慮的。
eg:That family owns a considerable amount of land. 那個(gè)家族擁有大量的土地。
▶considerate a.考慮周到的,體貼的,后面常跟of結(jié)構(gòu)。
eg:He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic. 他總是很體諒別人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。
▶3、conserve,preserve,reserve
▶conserve v.保存,保藏,保護(hù)(強(qiáng)調(diào)節(jié)約).
eg:In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天,為節(jié)約能源有些人在夜里把暖氣調(diào)小。
▶preserve v.保護(hù);維持;保養(yǎng);防止(食物)****(使不受破壞).
eg:The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保護(hù)個(gè)人的權(quán)利不受侵犯。
▶reserve v.保留,儲(chǔ)備(強(qiáng)調(diào)為某一特殊目的);訂(座位),預(yù)定。
eg:We are reserving these seats for my parents. 我們把這些座位留給我的父母。
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