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過去分詞可以表示“被動”和“完成”等意義，因此沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)方面的形式變化。下面談一下現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。

1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having+過去分詞)表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前或兩個動作在時間上有一定的間隔。

例如:

Having written the letter，John went to the post office.

(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.

約翰寫完信后，就去郵局了。

Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.

(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)

老王在北京住了多年，所以對這個城市很熟悉。

Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.

(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)

小馬喝了兩杯水，感覺好一些了

一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動作。在可能引起誤解的場合應該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動作。

例如:

Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.

(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)

他打開抽屜，拿出錢包。

Coming into the room，he put down his bag.

(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)

他走進房間，放下提包。

Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.

布朗先生刷過牙，就下樓來吃早飯。

(此句如寫成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙，邊下樓’。)

2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)(being +過去分詞)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如強調現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前時，可用現(xiàn)在分詞被動語態(tài)的完成式(having + been +過去分詞)。

例如:

The bridge being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那座橋將于下月完成。

Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.湯姆回來晚了，所以被關在門外半小時左右才讓他進去。