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In China's new economic blueprint unveiled during the Two Sessions, known as the 13th Five-Year Plan, Chinese officials identified semiconductors as a potential tech sector to dominate. That has raised an alarm in South Korea's semiconductor industry, the world's largest after the U.S. with an 18 percent global market share.

在“兩會(huì)”上公布的中國(guó)新經(jīng)濟(jì)藍(lán)圖(即十三五規(guī)劃)中，中國(guó)官員表示，確定將半導(dǎo)體這個(gè)具有巨大潛力的技術(shù)作為新的發(fā)展方向。這一決定引起了韓國(guó)半導(dǎo)體業(yè)的恐慌。韓國(guó)是僅次于美國(guó)的世界第二大半導(dǎo)體生產(chǎn)商，占全球市場(chǎng)份額的18%。

At present, China commands just 3 percent of the global semiconductor market share but Beijing is hoping to increase that figure as part of its plan for new services industries, dubbed "New China," to bolster gross domestic product (GDP). Aside from semiconductors, "New China" sectors also include chip materials, robotics, aviation equipment and satellites.

目前，雖然中國(guó)在全球半導(dǎo)體市場(chǎng)上只占有3%的份額，但中國(guó)希望增加這一比例，并將這作為其全新服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)(即“新常態(tài)”計(jì)劃)的一部分，從而提高GDP水平。此外，除了半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)，該計(jì)劃還涉及芯片材料、機(jī)器人、航空設(shè)備和衛(wèi)星等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

Officials intend to achieve that goal by increasing the share of spending on research and development (R&D) to 2.5 percent of GDP for the 2016-2020 period, from 2.1 percent in 2011-2015, according to the new Five-Year Plan.

中國(guó)官員表示，根據(jù)新的五年計(jì)劃，在2016年-2020年期間，相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研發(fā)資金將由2011年-2015年占GDP的2.1%增加至2.5%。

"China's announcement has of course not remained unnoticed, especially by large players in high-tech industries," economists at investment bank Natixis remarked in a report.

著名投行法國(guó)外貿(mào)銀行的經(jīng)濟(jì)專家在一份報(bào)告中指出，“國(guó)際社會(huì)其實(shí)已經(jīng)注意到了中國(guó)在這方面的發(fā)展，特別是幾家高科技領(lǐng)域的巨頭們。”

"Its aggressive push is worrying for [South] Korea's industrial giants. If we consider that Korea's major global comparative advantage is high-tech electronics, such threat becomes a systemic threat for the country's economic future."

“中國(guó)的積極行動(dòng)讓韓國(guó)的工業(yè)巨頭們憂心不已。鑒于韓國(guó)在全球的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其高科技電子產(chǎn)品，中國(guó)的這一舉動(dòng)對(duì)韓國(guó)的未來經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了系統(tǒng)性威脅。”

South Korea's semiconductor industry is certainly paying attention. A day after the new Five-Year Plan was announced, Korea's Semiconductor Industry Association (KSIA) urged President Park Geun-Hye's government to counter the new market threat.

韓國(guó)半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)此密切關(guān)注。就在中國(guó)“十三五規(guī)劃”公布的第二天，韓國(guó)半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)便要求總統(tǒng)樸槿惠制定措施應(yīng)對(duì)新的市場(chǎng)威脅。

"I thought that China had attempted to invest only in the semiconductor industry but it seems that China has gone a step further," KSIA Chairman Park Sung-wook was quoted as saying, referring to Beijing's aspirations to become a major semiconductor maker.

對(duì)于中國(guó)有志成為半導(dǎo)體制造大國(guó)的雄心，韓國(guó)半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)主席樸星昱近日表示：“我原以為中國(guó)只是試圖投資半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)，但沒想到中國(guó)比這還更近了一步。”

Leading Korean producers such as Samsung and SK Hynix should be worried, Natixis argues, citing three key factors.

法國(guó)外貿(mào)銀行認(rèn)為，這樣的現(xiàn)狀的確應(yīng)該引起三星和海力士等韓國(guó)主要制造商的重視，并給出了三個(gè)重要原因。
Heavy consumption

強(qiáng)大的消費(fèi)力

China is already the largest consumer of semiconductors globally, which should support its domestic producers, Natixis explained.

法國(guó)外貿(mào)銀行解釋稱，中國(guó)已成為世界最大的半導(dǎo)體消費(fèi)國(guó)，這會(huì)為其國(guó)內(nèi)的半導(dǎo)體生產(chǎn)商提供支持。

"This is particularly relevant for Korean firms since they serve the Chinese market in quite a massive way."

“這與韓國(guó)公司緊密相關(guān)，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)原本是他們的一個(gè)巨大市場(chǎng)。”

After Intel, Samsung and SK Hynix are the biggest semiconductor suppliers in the Chinese market.

在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，三星與海力士是僅次于英特爾的第二大和第三大半導(dǎo)體供應(yīng)商。

China is South Korea's largest trading partner and the exchange of goods between the two nations is set to ramp up in the wake of last year's Korea-China Free Trade Agreement.

中國(guó)是韓國(guó)最大的貿(mào)易伙伴。去年，兩國(guó)簽訂了《中韓自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》，這將會(huì)促進(jìn)兩國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易量進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)。

A bottom-down model

以市場(chǎng)為主導(dǎo)

Beijing has also unveiled new steps that demonstrate its commitment to becoming a semiconductor superpower.

中國(guó)還公布了一些新的措施，顯示了它想成為半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)超級(jí)大國(guó)的決心。

China has strived to become a global player for a decade now but it hasn't achieved success thus far due to its insistence on a state-led centralized approach to industrial development, Natixis said. Now, officials are embracing a more market-oriented method that encourages competition and allows companies to tap public funds to buy expertise abroad.

法國(guó)外貿(mào)銀行稱，中國(guó)為成為全球半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者努力了十年，但并未取得成功。原因在于此前中國(guó)一直采取國(guó)家主導(dǎo)的方式控制產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，如今中國(guó)更多地采用市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)的方式 ，鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，允許企業(yè)利用公共資本購買國(guó)外技術(shù)。

For example, China created the National Integrated Circuit Industry Equity Investment Fund in 2014, endowing it with $18.4 billion. Moreover, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology intends to spend $153 billion over the next decade to support the semiconductor sector - the bulk of which will be spent on buying expertise from foreign competitors, according to Natixis.

法國(guó)外貿(mào)銀行在報(bào)告中舉例稱，2014年，中國(guó)設(shè)立了國(guó)家集成電路產(chǎn)業(yè)股權(quán)投資基金，注資184億美元。此外，工業(yè)和信息化部計(jì)劃在未來十年內(nèi)投入1530億美元支持半導(dǎo)體領(lǐng)域，其中大部分資金將用于從國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手手中購買專業(yè)技術(shù)。

"This obviously increases China's competitive threat [to Korea] in as far as they are able to execute
appropriate merger & acquisition (M&A) deals in this sector."

“中國(guó)在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行的合并與收購交易，很顯然加大了對(duì)韓國(guó)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)威脅。”

Chinese investors have already started snapping up semiconductor assets. Last year, a consortium of China private equity firms snapped up U.S. firm Omnivisions Technologies for $1.9 billion in cash while a separate group of Chinese investors bought Nasdaq-listed Integrated Silicon Solution for $640 million.

中國(guó)投資者們已經(jīng)開始搶購半導(dǎo)體資產(chǎn)。去年，一家中國(guó)民營(yíng)企業(yè)以19億美元現(xiàn)金收購了美國(guó)豪威科技公司。另一撥中國(guó)投資者以6.4億美元的價(jià)格收購了納斯達(dá)克上市公司——芯成半導(dǎo)體有限公司。

Shift to mobile

轉(zhuǎn)向移動(dòng)領(lǐng)域

Lastly, Korean semiconductor manufacturers tend to focus more on computers rather than mobile handsets, demand for which is growing at a faster clip. Because China dominates mobile demand, it is ideally placed to profit from semiconductor growth.

此前，韓國(guó)半導(dǎo)體制造商更注重電腦領(lǐng)域而非移動(dòng)設(shè)備，而移動(dòng)設(shè)備領(lǐng)域正在以更快的速度發(fā)展。中國(guó)對(duì)移動(dòng)設(shè)備的半導(dǎo)體需求是最大的，這也將為半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來了可觀的利潤(rùn)。

Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are the world leaders in DRAM chips, key for personal computers, so as demand for those chips decline, semiconductor profits at both firms have slowed in recent quarters, Natixis said.

法國(guó)外貿(mào)銀行還說，三星電子和海力士是世界存儲(chǔ)芯片制造商的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。該芯片是個(gè)人電腦的核心組件。因此，隨著對(duì)這些芯片需求的減少，這兩家半導(dǎo)體公司近幾個(gè)季度的利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)也隨之放緩。

"Samsung and other Korean firms will need to push to achieve competitiveness in a higher tech level due to the changing nature of demand for chips as well as China's push for technology gains."

“由于芯片需求的改變以及中國(guó)的科技野心，三星與其他韓國(guó)企業(yè)需要提高科技水平，以應(yīng)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。”