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Section ⅠUse of English

Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

When anyone opens a current account at a bank， he is lending the bank money. He may 1 the repayment of the money at any time， either 2 cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. 3， the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor who is 4 depending on whether the customer‘s account is 5 credit or is overdrawn. But， in 6 to that basically simple concept， the bank and its customer 7 a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give 8 to problems and complications but a bank customer， unlike， say， a buyer of goods， cannot complain that the law is 9 against him.

The bank must 10 its customer’s instructions， and not those of anyone else. 11， for example， a customer opens an account， he instructs the bank to debit his account only in 12 of checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank 13 of his signature， and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or 14 to pay out a customer‘s money 15 a check on which its customer’s signature has been 16. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very 17 one： the bank must recognize its customer‘s signature. For this reason there is no 18 to the customer in the practice， 19 by banks， of printing the customer’s name on his checks. If this 20 forgery， it is the bank that will lose， not the customer. （254 words）

1. ［A］ acquire［B］ deposit ［C］ demand［D］ derive

2. ［A］ for ［B］ through ［C］ as［D］ in

3. ［A］ However［B］ Primarily［C］ Moreover ［D］ Presumably

4. ［A］ which［B］ what［C］ how［D］ that

5. ［A］ on ［B］ with ［C］ in ［D］ for

6. ［A］ support［B］ contrast［C］ regard［D］ addition

7. ［A］ owe［B］ commit［C］ attribute［D］ embark

8. ［A］ purpose［B］ rise［C］ priority［D］ thought

9. ［A］ loaded［B］ offended［C］ discriminated［D］ directed

10. ［A］ conform［B］ comply［C］ obey［D］ abide

11. ［A］ Unless［B］ Although［C］ Since［D］ When

12. ［A］ respect［B］ charge［C］ line［D］ place

13. ［A］ specifics［B］ signs［C］ symbols［D］ specimens

14. ［A］ reputation［B］ prestige［C］ authority［D］ impact

15. ［A］ by［B］ on［C］ with［D］ for

16. ［A］ printed［B］ confirmed ［C］ forged［D］ justified

17. ［A］ delicate［B］ skillful［C］ unusual［D］ unique

18. ［A］ risk［B］ guarantee［C］ fault［D］ benefit

19. ［A］ engaged ［B］ intended［C］ adapted［D］ adopted

20. ［A］ contributes［B］ facilitates［C］ results［D］ leads

Section ⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

When Dr. John W. Gofman， professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic， speaks of “ecocide” in his adversary view of nuclear technology， he means the following： A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar，the Netherlands， would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound， released into the atmosphere， could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500，000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy， it is estimated that there will be 10，000 tons of this material in Western Europe， of which one table-spoonful of plutonium-239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200，000 people. Rather than being biodegradable， plutonium destroys biological properties.

In 1972 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air， but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers‘ Unions report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician， 40—70 percent had X’ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question， out of a total of 29 deaths thus far， seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day. “We are now， in fact， finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker，” states Dr. Irving Selikoff， of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.

It is now also clear that vinyl chloride， a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made， causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However， the history of the research on vinyl chloride is， in some ways， more disturbing than the “Watergate cover-up.” “There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities，” summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years， workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the “safe limit” imposed by Dow Chemical Company. （422 words）

Notes： plutonium 钚。asbestos 石棉。polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯。

21. By “ecocide” the author most probably means

［A］ waste utilization.

［B］ ecological balance.

［C］ radioactive reaction.

［D］ massive bio-destruction.

22. According to the text， the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 to

［A］ estimate the amount of nuclear material in Europe.

［B］ exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer.

［C］ highlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer.

［D］ show the destructive properties of industrial waste materials.

23. The style of the second paragraph is mainly

［A］ factual.

［B］ sarcastic.

［C］ emotional.

［D］ argumentative.

24. According to paragraph 3， some workers have been killed by harmful pollutants in that

［A］ production could not be halted.

［B］ they failed to take safety measures.

［C］ research was not pursued to a solution.

［D］ safety equipment was not adequately provided.

25. It can be inferred from the text that the author believes that

［A］ nationwide application of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer.

［B］ tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals.

［C］ more research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made.

［D］ industrialization must be slowed down to prevent further spread of cancer?causing agents.

Text2

The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual， the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals， which aside from cloning， have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.

The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors， ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members， such as the African Bongo Antelope， the Sumatran Tiger， and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda， some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed， perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process.

With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world， the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hua Mei” was born in 1999 after her parents， Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling， had trouble conceiving naturally.

The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda， the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear， where it will grow and mature， until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.

Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods， such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species‘ habitats anyway， making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated， as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue. （402 words）

Notes： ethically 道德上。gene pool基因庫。insemination n. 受精。fertilize 使受精。embryo 胚胎。proponent 支持者，擁護者。weigh A against B 權(quán)衡A和B的利弊。

26. The author raises the issue of ethical consideration in cloning in paragraph 1 in order to

［A］ identify the issues that will not be addressed in the text.

［B］ reveal an area of interest that will be explored later in the text.

［C］ identify one of the main issues affecting the cloning controversy today.

［D］ draw the reader’s attention to a sensitive issue that bears consideration in the topic of cloning.

27. The author directs attention to “Hua Mei”， the baby panda born in the San Diego Zoo， in order to

［A］ show that cloning as an artificial birth technique has succeeded.

［B］ argue that pandas are a particularly likely candidate for cloning.

［C］ show that artificial birth techniques other than cloning have succeeded.

［D］ demonstrate the necessity of cloning and other artificial birth techniques to the survival of certain species.

28. Paragraph 4 is written in order to

［A］ detail the process by which cloning in the panda population has been executed in the past.

［B］ guide the reader to consider the possibility of cloning in restoring the panda population.

［C］ demonstrate that the use of cloning to repopulate the panda species is a feasible goal.

［D］ inform the reader of how cloning would be carried out in the panda population.

29. The main purpose of the last paragraph is to

［A］ argue in favor of one side on a particularly controversial topic of cloning.

［B］ display both sides‘ arguments on another contentious issue in cloning.

［C］ redirect the readers’ attention to the previously raised issue of ethics in cloning.

［D］ provide further relevant information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique.

30. It can be inferred from the information given in the text that the best candidate for cloning would be

［A］ Giant Pandas.

［B］ an endangered species with many living related species.

［C］ the species in which previous techniques of artificial reproduction have been successfully applied.

［D］ those for which cloning is the only feasible method by which to reproduce the species.

Text3

Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is an expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language， but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this， some obvious， some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce， and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill， one that needs careful training of a special kind， and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language， while recognizing the importance of a good accent， tend to neglect， in their practical teaching， the branch of study concerned with speaking the language.

So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this， and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So there should be occasions when other aspects of English， such as grammar or spelling， are allowed for the moment to take second place.

Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation， there are two other requirements for the teacher： the first， knowledge; the second， technique.

It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech， and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages， between the speech habits of English people and those， say， of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture， any comments he may make on his students‘ pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use， and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time-wasted.

But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends， after that， on what use you make of your knowledge， and this is a matter of technique.

Now the first and most important part of a language teacher’s technique is his own performance， his ability to demonstrate the spoken language， in every detail of articulation as well as in fluent speaking， so that the student‘s latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher， then， should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can make himself. And to supplement his own performance， however satisfactory this may be， the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings， radio， television and video， to supply the authentic voices of native speakers， or， if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself or speaks just like one， then to vary the method of presenting the language material. （537 words）

Notes： set about著手，試圖。articulation發(fā)音。latent潛在的，不明顯的。at one’s disposal供某人任意支配使用。

31. What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages？

［A］ Only a few people are really proficient.

［B］ No one is really an expert in the skill.

［C］ There aren‘t many people who are even fairly good.

［D］ There are even some people who are moderately proficient.

32. The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong way is

［A］ an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly.

［B］ a fundamental consequence of not speaking well.

［C］ a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly.

［D］ not an obvious cause of speaking poorly.

33. What is it that teachers are said to be inclined to forget？

［A］ The practical teaching of languages.

［B］ The importance of a good accent.

［C］ The principle of phonetic theory.

［D］ The teaching of pronunciation in the classroom.

34. The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon

［A］ how closely he attends to the matter.

［B］ whether it is English that is being taught.

［C］ his teacher’s approach to pronunciation.

［D］ the importance normally given to grammar and spelling.

35. According to the text， in relation to someone teaching his own language to foreigners， audio-visual aids can

［A］ completely replace his own teaching performance.

［B］ provide alternative samples of native speech.

［C］ help to improve teaching quality to a great extent.

［D］ provide a perfect model for language students to follow.

Text4

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals， assessing the problem， formulating options， estimating likelihood of success， making a decision， and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather， in their day-by-day tactical activities， these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity， inconsistency， novelty， and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general， however， such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse of capriciousness.

Isenberg‘s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather， senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First， they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second， managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational， but is based on years of painstaking practice and personal experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture， often in an “Aha！” experience. Fourth， some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools， and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally suspicious of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally， managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to find out a plausible solution. Used in this way， intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it， they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is invariably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles， in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting， but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face， senior managers often initiate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem， not just of implementing the solution. （454 words）

Notes： capriciousness 多變，反復(fù)無常。run counter to 與…背道而馳;違反。bypass 繞過。in close concert 一齊，一致。given prep. 考慮到，由于。

36. The logical organization of the first paragraph of the text is that

［A］ a conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

［B］ the results of recent research are introduced and summarized.

［C］ two opposite points of view are presented and evaluated.

［D］ a widely accepted definition is presented and qualified.

37. In relation to the “writers on management” mentioned in Para. 2， the text suggests that they

［A］ have not based their analyzes on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

［B］ have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than what managers do.

［C］ have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

［D］ have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.

38. According to the text， senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT

［A］ to speed up the creation of a solution to a problem.

［B］ to identify a problem or bring together different facts.

［C］ to initiate clear goals and in the end attain them.

［D］ to evaluate possible solutions to a problem.

39. When mentioning “thinking/acting cycles”（in Para. 4）， the author is most likely to believe that

［A］ a manager analyzes a series of problems and then acts on that analysis.

［B］ a manager gathers data by acting and then observes the effects of action.

［C］ action and analysis in managerial practice invariably occur simultaneously.

［D］ a manager takes action， being able to clarify reasons for that action.

40. According to the text， which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X， who uses intuition to reach decisions， and Manager Y， who uses only formal decision analysis？

［A］ Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.

［B］ Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.

［C］ Manager Y draws on years of personal experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.

［D］ Manager X depends on day-by-day tactical activities; Manager Y does not.

Part B

Directions：

You are going to read a text about stress， followed by a list of arguments. Choose the best argument from the list A—G for each numbered subheading （41—45）。 There are two extra arguments which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

41. Two types of stress：

There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings—physical and mental.

42. Effects of stress—physical or emotional：

Whether physical or emotional in origin， stress causes the body to react in the same way.

43. Guilty—useful， though most harmful：

Probably the most harmful of all the stresses is guilt.

44. Instances—no need to feel guilty：

However， many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need.

No one is perfect：

Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate， but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize， as simple as it sounds， that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to every one they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten， not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.

45. Life with a little stress—significant：

A life without stress， such as retirement with nothing to do， would be boring.

Notes： respiration 呼吸。pupil瞳孔。dilate 膨脹。perspiration 出汗，勤奮。date 約會。sour 使別扭。eradicate vt. 消除，根除。at best 充其量。linger over 細(xì)細(xì)品味。meditation深思，沉思。might as well 不妨。

［A］ Fat adults should no longer feel guilty about leaving a little food on the plate， a successful businessman need not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation， nor should he feel guilty that he can combine a business trip to the West Coast with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can sour all of life and make life not worth living; it can also cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life‘s successes to be bittersweet， at best.

［B］ Stress from physical activity， if not carried too far， is actually beneficial. Exercise relaxes you and may help forget about mental and emotional stress. But mental stress is almost always bad for you. If mental stress is unrelieved， it can actually cause diseases such as ulcers， migraine headaches， heart problems， or mental illness.

［C］ Just as we need a little guilt—to keep us correct—and a little worry—to make us plan ahead—we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But when stress begins to bother you， you might as well change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some physical activity; you may discover a solution you have overlooked before.

［D］ Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact， it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

［E］ Some people are not afraid of stress， and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities， others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties.

［F］ In the first stage， your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase， and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases， and the rate of perspiration speeds up， while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage， your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However， if stress continues， the body cannot repair itself， and the final stage， exhaustion， then begins. If this stage continues， if for example you are frustrated by your work and continue to be frustrated for a long time， physical or emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are always the same， whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run， a first date， buying a house， or narrowly missing an automobile accident.

［G］ This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us to realize that we have， in fact， committed some error， violated our own rules or social rules. If we did not feel guilty， we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law， work， exercise， or even study in school， unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person‘s conscience develops， guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

Part C

Directions：

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）

As civilization proceeds in the direction of technology， it passes the point of supplying all the basic essentials of life—food， shelter， clothes， and warmth. 46） Then we either raise our standard of living above the necessary for comfort and happiness or leave it at this level and work shorter hours. Mankind has probably chosen the latter alternative. Men will be working shorter and shorter hours in their paid employment. And the great majority of the housewives will wish to be relieved completely of the routine operations of the home such as washing the clothes or washing up.

47） By far the most logical step to relieve the housewife of routine is to provide a robot slave which can be trained to meet the requirements of a particular home and can be programmed to carry out half a dozen or more standard operations， when so switched by the housewife. 48） It will be a machine having no more emotions than a car， but having a memory for instructions and a limited degree of instructed or built?in adaptability according to the positions in which it finds various types of objects. It will operate other more specialized machines， for example， the vacuum cleaner or clothes?washing machine.

There are no problems in the production of such a domestic robot to which we do not have already the glimmering of a solution. When I have discussed this kind of device with housewives， some 90 percent of them have the immediate reaction， “How soon can I buy one？” The other 10 percent have the reaction， “I would be terrified to have it moving about my house.” 49） But when one explains to them that it could be switched off or unplugged or stopped without the slightest difficulty， or made to go and put itself away in a cupboard at any time， they quickly realize that it is a highly desirable object. 50） Now it is generally recognized that there is no greater pleasure than to go to bed in the evening and know that the washing up is being done downstairs after one is asleep. Most families are now delighted， no doubt， to have a robot slave doing all the downstairs housework after they were in bed at night. （376 words）

Notes： glimmering跡象。

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51. Directions：

You have just received a short message from your father informing that your mother is very ill and you want to ask for one week?s leave. Write a note（便箋） to your Office Head Mr. Wang about it.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the note. Use “Li Ming” instead.

Do not write the address.

Part B

52. Directions：

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following set of pictures. In your essay， you should

1） describe the pictures briefly，

2） interpret their intended meaning， and

3） point out their implications in our life.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）

Section ⅠUse of English

參考譯文

任何人在銀行開一個活期賬戶時，他就是把錢借給銀行。他可以隨時提取這筆錢，提取的方式可以是現(xiàn)金，也可以是為他人開一張支票。銀行與儲戶之間的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人與債權(quán)人之間的關(guān)系;誰是債務(wù)人誰是債權(quán)人取決于儲戶的賬上是透支還是結(jié)余。但是，除了那種基本的簡單的概念以外，銀行與儲戶相互之間還承擔(dān)許多義務(wù)。這些義務(wù)中的許多義務(wù)會引起很多問題和糾紛，但是銀行儲戶譬如說不像貨物的買主，他不能投訴說法律對他不利。

銀行必須遵守它的客戶的指令，而不是任何別人的指令。例如，當(dāng)儲戶開一個賬戶時，他指示銀行只有憑他開的支票才能支取他的存款。他給銀行留下他簽名的樣本，并且有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則，即銀行沒有任何權(quán)力把儲戶的錢付給一張冒名頂替的支票。即使偽造得非常巧妙，那也無濟于事，因為銀行必須辨認(rèn)出它的儲戶的簽名。為此銀行采用把儲戶的姓名印在支票上的做法，這樣，對客戶就不存在任何風(fēng)險了。如果這樣做仍然使偽造得逞，那承擔(dān)損失的將是銀行，而不應(yīng)是儲戶。

1. ［答案］ ［C］ demand

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。demand the repayment of the money提取錢。 acquire vt. 獲得; deposit vt. 將（錢）存入銀行;derive vt. 得到，獲取。例如：derive great pleasure from one?s studies（從學(xué)習(xí)中得到很大樂趣）。

2. ［答案］ ［D］ in

［注釋］ 慣用搭配。in cash以現(xiàn)金方式。

3. ［答案］ ［B］ Primarily

［注釋］ 邏輯搭配。primarily主要地;however然而;moreover此外;presumably推測起來，大概。

4. ［答案］ ［A］ which

［注釋］ 邏輯搭配。 who is which depending on.。. 誰是債務(wù)人，誰是債權(quán)人取決于…。

5. ［答案］ ［C］ in

［注釋］ 慣用搭配。be in credit 有結(jié)余;buy on credit賒購。

6. ［答案］ ［D］ addition

［注釋］ 邏輯慣用搭配。in addition to除…以外。in support of支持;in contrast to與…相對照;in regard to關(guān)于，在…上。例如：I have nothing to say in/with regard to your complaints.（對于你的投訴，我無可奉告）。

7. ［答案］ ［A］ owe

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。owe obligations to sb. 向某人承擔(dān)義務(wù); commit oneself to doing sth.使自己承擔(dān)做某事的任務(wù);attribute 。.. to把…歸因于; embark on著手，開始從事，例如：embark on a new career（從事一項新的職業(yè)）; embark on a long journey（開始漫長的旅行）。

8. ［答案］ ［B］ rise

［注釋］ 慣用搭配。give rise to引起，產(chǎn)生，例如：His words gave rise to a considerable amount of speculation.（他的話引起了很多猜測）。give purpose to使…有目的，例如：give purpose to one?s life（使某人的生活有目的）。give priority to優(yōu)先考慮，例如：We should give priority to the development of our reading skills. give thought to考慮…，例如：Have you given any thought to which university you would like to go to when you leave school？

9. ［答案］ ［A］ loaded

［注釋］ 詞義慣用搭配。be loaded against.。. 對…不利，例如：The odds were loaded against him. （情況對他不利）。offend against.。.觸犯（法律等），例如：This verdict offends against one?s idea of justice.（這個裁決觸犯了人們的正義觀念）。

discriminate against歧視，例如：The law does not discriminate against any race， creed or color.（法律并不歧視任何種族、信條或膚色）。

direct.。. against使…針對…，例如：His remark directs its blows mainly to the working people.（他的話主要打擊了勞動人民）。

10. ［答案］ ［C］ obey

［注釋］ 詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。obey one?s instructions服從某人的指令。conform to符合，遵守，例如：All students must conform to the rules.（全體學(xué)生都必須遵守這些規(guī)則）。 conform with符合，例如：The design conforms with the regulations.

注意：conform to較常用;只偶爾用conform with。comply with照…辦;遵守，例如：1） People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. 2） He knows the regulations， and if he refuses to comply with them he must take the consequences. abide by遵守，服從：1） We agreed to abide by your judgment. 2） She will abide by her promise. 3） abide by承受：You will have to abide by the consequences.

11. ［答案］ ［D］ When

［注釋］ 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

12. ［答案］ ［A］ respect

［注釋］ 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。in respect of.。.用來付…的錢（商業(yè)用語），例如： The company gave him $230 in respect of the work he has done.（公司給他230美元用來支付他的工錢）。in charge of.。. 負(fù)責(zé)，例如： 1） （作表語） He will be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away.2） （作定語） The officer in charge requested Arthur to put on his outdoor clothes. in line with與…一致，符合，例如： 1） （作表語） Some of the recent actions of the government are not in line with the statement of policy in their election manifesto. （政府最近的一些行動不符合他們在大選宣言中的政策聲明）。 2） （作狀語） In line with history and social evolution socialism is inevitable.（按照歷史和社會的發(fā)展，社會主義是必然的）。in place of 。.. 代替…，用…而不用…，例如：The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks. （中國人用筷子，而不用刀叉。）

13. ［答案］ ［D］ specimens

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。 specimen樣本; specific細(xì)節(jié); sign跡象，符號，牌;symbol象征。

14. ［答案］ ［C］ authority

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。authority權(quán)力;reputation聲譽; prestige聲望; impact影響。

15. ［答案］ ［B］ on

［注釋］ 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。on a cheque 憑支票;on表示原因或根據(jù)。

16. ［答案］ ［C］ forge

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。 forge （= invent）偽造，如：He got the money dishonestly， by forging his brother?s signature on a check. forge的原意是“鍛造”，例如：The blacksmith forged the horseshoe with great skill.（這位鐵匠熟練地鍛造了這塊馬蹄鐵）。print vt. 印刷，出版，如：print books。confirm vt. 1）證實，肯定，確認(rèn)：The experiment confirmed his theory. 2）加強，堅定（信念等）： The latest information confirms my belief that he is to blame.（最新的信息堅定了我的信念：他應(yīng)受責(zé)備）。 3）批準(zhǔn)，同意：The agency confirmed the contract.（這個機構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)了這個合同）。justify vt. 證明…是正確的，如：1） You will have to justify your work to others.（你得向其他人解釋你的工作是對的）。 2） The fact that he annoyed you does not justify your treating him in that way.（他觸怒你這一事實并不能證明你那樣對待他是正確的）。

17. ［答案］ ［B］ skillful

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。skillful有技巧的，巧妙的; delicate精細(xì)的，纖細(xì)的;unique （同類中）獨一無二的。

18. ［答案］ ［A］ risk

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。risk風(fēng)險。risk可作及物動詞用，后接名詞或動名詞，例如：1） The brave man risked his life in trying to save the child. 2） He didn?t want to risk getting wet as he had only one suit. risk作名詞用時常用的詞組如下：1） at the risk of冒…的風(fēng)險：At the risk of offending you， I must tell you that I disapprove of your behavior. 2） run （or take） a risk冒危險： You are running a big risk in trusting him. 3） at risk處于危險中：The government?s income policy is seriously at risk.

19. ［答案］ ［D］ adopted

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。adopt vt. 采用，采�。篧e must adopt strong measures against any environmental destruction.

20.［答案］ ［B］ facilitates

［注釋］ 詞義搭配。 facilitate vt. 使…方便，促使，例如：1） The broken lock facilitated my entrance into the empty room. 2） I decided to employ a secretary in order to facilitate the work. contribute to有助于，促使，例如：1） Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 2） Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to lung cancer. 3） Cars contribute air pollution in the city. result in導(dǎo)致; lead to導(dǎo)致。

小結(jié)

按大綱規(guī)定“英語知識應(yīng)用”，即完形填空，題材應(yīng)為一篇240～280字的短文。本文是254字，符合大綱要求。模擬題類型有邏輯搭配、詞義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配和慣用搭配，與2010年考題相一致。完形填空解題技巧是：把握主題、抓住上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系、分段解題、瞻前顧后、各個擊破，最后統(tǒng)觀全文、查錯補漏。完形填空解題時間通常為15分鐘左右。千萬不要超時，以免擠占后面各項的解題時間。

Section ⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

21. ［答案］ ［D］ massive bio?destruction.

［注釋］ 詞匯釋義題。本題問：“ecocide”的含義是什么？本題測試根據(jù)上下文推測詞義的能力。后面寫到：荷蘭卡爾卡那樣的核工廠每年生產(chǎn)約200磅钚，只要一磅钚釋放到大氣層就可能使90億人患肺癌�？梢姡�戈夫曼博士在反核技術(shù)的觀點中談到的是“巨大的生物毀滅”。此外，從構(gòu)詞上看，eco? 意為“生態(tài)”，?cide作為后綴，意為“殺滅”。所以，ecocide意為“生態(tài)生物滅絕”。故應(yīng)選［D］。

22. ［答案］ ［B］ exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer.

［注釋］ 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題問：根據(jù)課文，作者在第一段中提到钚是為了什么？解這類題的思路是從宏觀看微觀、從主題看細(xì)節(jié)。本文的主題是講“先進技術(shù)與癌癥的因果關(guān)系”。第1段中作者講到“只要一磅钚釋放到大氣層就可能使90億人患肺癌”。可見，作者提到钚是要舉出造成癌癥原因的一個例子。故應(yīng)選［B］。［A］“估計歐洲核材料的數(shù)量”，與全文主題和段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)相悖。［C］“強調(diào)預(yù)防癌癥所需要的措施”，段落中沒有講到措施。［D］“表明工業(yè)廢料的毀滅性能”，钚是核物質(zhì)，并非一般工業(yè)廢料。故［A］，［C］，［D］均不能入選。

23. ［答案］ ［A］ factual.

［注釋］ 語氣判斷題。本題問： 第2段的文體是什么？通讀第2段，可以看出，作者舉出許多實例來說明石棉是致癌物質(zhì)之一。作者只是陳述事實，沒有與人爭論，也沒有感情激動和譏諷。故排除 argumentative（議論的），emotional（感情激動的），sarcastic （譏諷的）。

24. ［答案］ ［C］ research was not pursued to a solution.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：根據(jù)第3段，為什么有些工人死于有害污染物？第3段倒數(shù)第2句寫道：“至少17名工人死于氯乙烯，原因是25年來研究工作沒有一追到底。”10余年來，工人接觸到的氯乙烯濃度是道爾化學(xué)公司硬性規(guī)定的“安全極限”的10倍。故［C］“研究沒有進行到問題解決”與原文相符。

25. ［答案］ ［B］ tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals.

［注釋］ 推理判斷題。從本文可以推理，作者同意下面哪一看法？［A］“全國采用反污染裝置才能最后防止癌癥”過于偏激，實際上做不到。［C］“更多研究癌癥的原因才能取得進一步的進展”，只是研究致癌原因，而不采取措施，于事無補。［D］“必須使工業(yè)化減速以防止致癌物的擴散”屬極端做法。［B］“建立更嚴(yán)厲的法律來限制工人接觸有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)”可從文中推斷出，因為第3段后半段寫道：“由于醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家和管理當(dāng)局重視不夠，許多工人在高濃度氯乙烯的環(huán)境中工作，健康和生命受到威脅”。而現(xiàn)行的各種限制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比道爾公司規(guī)定的“安全極限”都高。所以，可以推理，作者認(rèn)為，需要更嚴(yán)格的法規(guī)來降低工人接觸有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故應(yīng)選［B］。

注意：the official maximum permissible body burden公認(rèn)的體內(nèi)最大承受量。biodegradable不能起生物遞降分解作用的。

26. ［答案］ ［A］ identify the issues that will not be addressed in the text.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：作者在第1段中提出克隆方面的道德考慮問題其目的何在？第1段第1句寫道：“克隆的話題從一開始就是一個在政治上和倫理上有爭議的問題。”接著作者說：“雖然這些問題的道德觀和哲學(xué)觀完全依賴于個人的解釋說明，但是對克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用還是可以進行客觀研究的。”從這句話中可以看出，作者在本文中并不打算來論述克隆問題的道德觀和哲學(xué)觀，而是想客觀地來研究克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用問題。因此，［A］“來確認(rèn)本文中不想陳述的問題”是作者提出該問題的目的。

27. ［答案］ ［C］ show that artificial birth techniques other than cloning have succeeded.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：作者把注意力轉(zhuǎn)到圣地亞哥動物園中的大熊貓幼仔“華妹”其目的何在？第2段最后一句寫道：“就大熊貓而論，某些人工繁衍后代的技術(shù)已經(jīng)施行，或許這就為下一步克隆大熊貓鋪平了道路。”這句話說明，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)研究出一些人工繁衍后代的技術(shù)，這些技術(shù)雖不是克隆技術(shù)，但為下一步實施克隆技術(shù)鋪平了道路。接著在第3段中作者以大熊貓幼仔“華妹”為例來說明，除克隆外，一些人工繁衍后代的技術(shù)（如人工授精技術(shù)）已經(jīng)取得成功�？梢姡� ［C］“表明，除了克隆以外其他一些人工繁殖技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得成功” 是正確選項。

注意：上述兩題屬于“深入應(yīng)用題”，解這類題要求考生在理解文章中相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上能夠利用所獲得的信息去發(fā)掘深層次的內(nèi)涵。這類題難度較大。希望考生深入研究命題思路，制定行之有效的應(yīng)試對策。

28. ［答案］ ［D］ inform the reader of how cloning would be carried out in the panda population.

［注釋］ 總結(jié)歸納題。本題問：第4段寫來是為了什么？第4段第1句寫道：“通過使用克隆技術(shù)來增加大熊貓的種群，這一計劃涉及使用與大熊貓相關(guān)的物種——美國黑熊。”接著作者詳細(xì)闡述了這一克隆的全過程�？梢�，本段內(nèi)容寫來是向讀者介紹如何在大熊貓種群中進行克隆工作。故答案非［D］莫屬。

29. ［答案］ ［B］ display both sides? arguments on another contentious issue in cloning.

［注釋］ 總結(jié)歸納題。本題問：第5段寫來是為了什么？第5段第1句陳述了在研究資金問題上克隆技術(shù)反對者的論據(jù)，而第2句則介紹了在經(jīng)濟能力問題上克隆技術(shù)支持者的論點�？梢�，選項［B］“擺出了在克隆方面另一個爭論的問題上雙方的論據(jù)”總結(jié)歸納了第5段的寫作目的。

30. ［答案］ ［B］ an endangered species with many living related species.

［注釋］ 推理判斷題。本題問：從本文所給信息中可以推理，下面哪一項會成為克隆的最佳候選者？［A］項無概括性，不能選用。至于［C］項，文中只講到過去曾經(jīng)采用人工授精的方法來繁殖大熊貓，但這不能推理說，過去成功采用人工技術(shù)繁殖的物種是克隆的最佳候選者。至于［D］“那些只能靠克隆來作為惟一可行的繁殖方法的物種”，文章中沒有相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)可作為此推理的依據(jù)，故不能入選。文章中說到大熊貓是瀕臨滅絕的動物，而且又有與它相關(guān)的物種（如美國黑熊）可以作為克隆媒體�？梢姡�克隆的最佳候選者應(yīng)具備以上兩條，故［B］為正確選項。

31. ［答案］ ［C］ There aren?t many people who are even fairly good.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：關(guān)于講外語，作者實際上說了什么？第1段第1句后半句寫道：“。..but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages”。此句與［C］的表述相符。

32. ［答案］ ［C］ a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：作者爭辯說，用錯誤的方法處理發(fā)音問題會產(chǎn)生什么后果？第1段第4句寫道：“但是我認(rèn)為，人們通常不能把外語說得更好的基本原因是他們沒有理解學(xué)說外語的真實本質(zhì)，因而從未著手正確處理這個問題。”本句與［C］的表述相符。

33. ［答案］ ［D］ The teaching of pronunciation in the classroom.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：據(jù)說教師往往容易忘記的是什么？參閱第1段第6句中提供的信息：。..tend to neglect， in their practical teaching， the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. 此句與［D］的表述相符。

34. ［答案］ ［C］ his teacher?s approach to pronunciation.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：學(xué)生重視培養(yǎng)正確的語言習(xí)慣取決于什么？最后一段第1句寫道：“語言教師的教學(xué)方法中最基本、最重要的是，他自己在每一個發(fā)音細(xì)節(jié)中及流利的說話中的課堂表演、他示范口語的能力，這樣就給學(xué)生潛在的模仿能力提供了最充分的發(fā)展范圍和最有力的鼓勵。”可見，學(xué)生重視培養(yǎng)正確的語言習(xí)慣取決于他的教師對發(fā)音的態(tài)度。故應(yīng)選［C］。

35. ［答案］ ［B］ provide alternative samples of native speech.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：根據(jù)本文，對某位把自己的語言教給外國人的老師來說，視聽輔助設(shè)施能起到什么作用？最后一段最后一句寫道：“為了補充教師自己的工作，不管這樣做可能在多大程度上令人滿意，現(xiàn)代的教師可以方便地使用錄音、收音機、電視和錄像以便提供說外語的真實聲音;或者如果教師正好是說這種語言的人或講外語講得像說本族語一樣，那么就可以用來變換講授語言材料的方法。”由此可見，視聽輔助設(shè)施能“提供聽說外國語言的替換形式”。故［B］符合上面的表述。

注意：at one‘s disposal 供某人任意使用，可自行支配。例如：Students have a well-stocked library at their disposal. （有個藏書豐富的圖書館供學(xué)生們?nèi)我馐褂�。�?/font>

36. ［答案］ ［A］ a conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

［注釋］ 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。本題問：本文第1段的邏輯構(gòu)思是什么？本段由兩個長句構(gòu)成。第1句中的關(guān)鍵詞是“do not follow”，而第2句中的關(guān)鍵詞是“Rather”。由此可見，第1句是排除了一個常規(guī)模式，而第2句是介紹了另一種模式。選項［A］正好概括了本段的邏輯構(gòu)思。

注意：這類題要求考生具有較強的抽象概括能力。

37. ［答案］ ［C］ have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

［注釋］ 推理判斷題。本題問：有關(guān)第2段中提到的“研究管理的作家”本文暗示了什么？第2段寫道：“一代又一代研究管理問題的作家已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到，有些執(zhí)行經(jīng)理主要依靠直覺。然而，總的來說，這些作家對直覺的內(nèi)涵知之甚少。有些作家視直覺為理性之反面;而另一些作家把直覺當(dāng)做反復(fù)無常的借口。”由此推理，本文暗示，研究管理的作家們未能正確理解直覺的內(nèi)涵而對直覺做出錯誤的判斷�？梢姡�［C］符合上述分析。［D］“他們沒有承認(rèn)直覺在經(jīng)理工作中的作用”有較強的干擾性。從第2段中我們看到只說到這些作家對直覺的理解有誤，并未說沒有承認(rèn)直覺的作用（have not acknowledged the role of intuition）。故［D］不能入選。

38. ［答案］ ［C］ to initiate clear goals and in the end attain them.

［注釋］ 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題問：根據(jù)本文，高級經(jīng)理除了在哪一方面外都使用直覺？本題屬細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題，考生應(yīng)參照文章逐一核對。第3段倒數(shù)第2句寫道：“最后，經(jīng)理們能夠使用直覺繞過深度分析并迅速找到可行的解決辦法。”選項［A］“加速提出問題的解決辦法”與以上表述相符。第3段第3句寫道：“首先，他們憑直覺判斷什么時候存在問題。”選項［B］“確定問題或匯集不同事實”與以上表述相符。第3段第7句寫道：“第四，有些經(jīng)理使用直覺來檢驗更為理性的分析結(jié)果。”選項［D］“評價一個問題的各種可能解決辦法”與上面的表述相符。由此可見，［C］“提出明確目標(biāo)并最終實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”并不是高級經(jīng)理使用直覺所為，故應(yīng)排除。

39. ［答案］ ［C］ action and analysis in managerial practice invariably occur simultaneously.

［注釋］ 推理判斷題。本題問：在提到經(jīng)理工作中的思考/行動循環(huán)（第4段中）時，作者很可能怎么認(rèn)為？從本文第4段和第5段我們可以看出，思考和行動是不可分割的。在思考中形成行動，在行動中思考決策。本文最后一句更明確指出，思考/行動循環(huán)的一條含義是行動經(jīng)常是對問題定義的一部分，而不僅僅是執(zhí)行決策的一部分�？梢姡�［C］為正確答案。

40. ［答案］ ［B］ Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.

［注釋］ 推理判斷題。本題問：從本文可以推理，下面哪一點最有可能是使用直覺做出決定的X經(jīng)理與只使用正式的決策分析的Y經(jīng)理之間在行為表現(xiàn)方面的一條重要區(qū)別？ 最后一段第1句中寫道：“……高級經(jīng)理經(jīng)常提出一種行動方針來進一步了解某個問題。然后他們使用行動結(jié)果對問題形成一個更加完整的認(rèn)識。”這一表述符合選項［C］“X經(jīng)理采取行動是為了找到問題的解決辦法……”;而最后一段最后一句寫道：“思考/行動循環(huán)的一條含義是行動經(jīng)常是對問題定義的一部分，而不僅僅是執(zhí)行決策的一部分。”由此看來，Y經(jīng)理在這點上與X經(jīng)理完全不一樣。因此，正確答案應(yīng)是［B］。

小結(jié)

1） 按大綱規(guī)定閱讀部分4篇文章總字?jǐn)?shù)為1600左右。本卷閱讀模擬題總字?jǐn)?shù)為1769，符合考試大綱要求。

2） 從本卷4篇文章的題材來看，第1篇是講先進技術(shù)與癌癥的因果關(guān)系，第2篇是講利用克隆技術(shù)繁殖瀕臨滅絕的野生動物，第3篇是語言學(xué)習(xí)，第4篇是經(jīng)濟管理�？梢�，其題材與近年考題的題材相符。

3） 從本卷4篇文章的題目類型來看，有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題、總結(jié)歸納題、詞語釋義題、推理判斷題、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題和全文主旨題。與2010年模擬題類型完全一致。本部分模擬題一般來說前兩篇文章稍易、題目難;后兩篇文章稍難、題目不難。

4） “閱讀理解”解題時間通常為60～65分鐘�？忌鷳�(yīng)根據(jù)實際情況調(diào)整解題時間。要牢記先易后難！

5） 解題方法：先瀏覽第1段，盡可能找到全文主題信息詞。然后掃描第1題，劃出題干中的信息詞，到相應(yīng)段落中尋找相關(guān)的信息詞，劃出信息詞、搜索目標(biāo)信息，比對4個選項，排除干擾項，確定正確答案。其他4題以此類推。如題目順序與段落順序不一致，要以變應(yīng)變、機動靈活。

Part B

這一題型主要考查考生區(qū)分論點與論據(jù)、把握論點與論據(jù)一致性的能力。該題型要求考生根據(jù)小標(biāo)題和段首句（通常是論點），從多個選項中找到支持相應(yīng)論點的論據(jù)。

41. ［答案］ ［B］

［注釋］ Two types of stress（兩種類型的壓力）。段首句明確指出，這兩類壓力是體力上的壓力和心理上的壓力。選項［B］具體闡述這兩種壓力以及它們的區(qū)別： “活動可以使人放松并有助于忘記精神和情感壓力。（Exercise relaxes you and may help forget about mental and emotional stress.）”“而精神壓力幾乎總是對你有害。如果精神壓力不減輕，它能引起各種疾病，如潰瘍病……”（But mental stress is almost always bad for you. If mental stress is unrelieved， it can cause diseases such as ulcers， 。..）。上下文在邏輯上保持連貫性。解這類題時要注意上下文中關(guān)鍵信息詞的前后呼應(yīng)和論點與論據(jù)的一致性。

42. ［答案］ ［F］

［注釋］ Effects of stress—physical or emotional（壓力造成的影響——體力的或情感的）。段首句指出：“壓力，不管其根源是體力的還是情感的，同樣會使身體做出反應(yīng)。”選項［F］ 從兩個階段來具體說明身體的反應(yīng)：“在第一階段，你的身體準(zhǔn)備去迎接壓力…在第2階段，你的身體恢復(fù)正常并且修復(fù)由于壓力造成的損壞。”下文表示語氣的轉(zhuǎn)折：“然而，如果壓力繼續(xù)存在，身體就不能自身修復(fù)，這樣，最后階段，即精力耗盡，就開始了…”注意上下文中關(guān)鍵信息詞的連接以及論點與論據(jù)之間邏輯上的一致性。

43.［答案］ ［G］

［注釋］ Guilty—useful， though most harmful（內(nèi)疚——有用，盡管很有害）。從小標(biāo)題可以看出下面將闡述內(nèi)疚的有用性。但段首句卻先從反面說，內(nèi)疚或許是所有壓力中最有害的。接著選項［G］具體說明這種常見情感的有用的一面，即有助于人們認(rèn)識自己的錯誤。

44. ［答案］ ［A］

［注釋］ Instances—no need to feel guilty（事例——不必感到內(nèi)疚）。段首句寫道：“然而，我們中許多人小時候?qū)W到了一些我們現(xiàn)在不再需要的規(guī)則。”可見，下面要引證不需要感到內(nèi)疚的具體事例。故應(yīng)選［A］。

45. ［答案］ ［C］

［注釋］ Life with a little stress—significant（有一點壓力的生活很有意義）。段首句先從反面來論證：沒有壓力的生活，如退休后無所事事，會令人厭倦。選項［C］ 從正面來說明：我們需要一點壓力使我們對生活永遠積極進取，但要適可而止、正確處理，如干點體力活兒以便消除煩惱。

小結(jié)

1. 選擇搭配題的考點是：

1） 語段結(jié)構(gòu)：段首句、擴展句和結(jié)論句之間在邏輯上的一致性。

2） 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)：起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。段落與段落之間語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性。

3） 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：語段內(nèi)論點與論據(jù)的邏輯一致性。小標(biāo)題與段落內(nèi)容在邏輯上的一致性。

2. 選擇搭配題的解題思路是：

1） 第一種題型：瀏覽全文、把握主題，分段解題、關(guān)鍵信息詞連結(jié)，針對題目、各個突破。

2） 第二種題型：吃透第一段，注意段落結(jié)尾句和段首句的承上啟下功能，狠抓段落與段落之間聯(lián)系的形態(tài)標(biāo)志（信息詞）和邏輯銜接，先慢后快。

3） 第三種題型：把握語段內(nèi)論點與論據(jù)的一致性。

4） 第四種題型：瀏覽段落，把握小標(biāo)題與段落在內(nèi)容上的一致性。

3. 解題時間：20分鐘左右。

Part C

46. ［答案］

于是，我們在已經(jīng)達到舒適和幸福所必需的生活水準(zhǔn)后，是繼續(xù)再往上提高呢，還是停留在這種水平上，而去縮短工作時間？人類很可能選擇了后者。

47. ［答案］

減輕家庭主婦的日常事務(wù)的最合理的措施是提供一個機器人傭人，它可以被訓(xùn)練來滿足某一個家庭的各種需要并且在家庭主婦啟動它時，它能按預(yù)定程序完成幾件或幾件以上的一般性作業(yè)。

［注釋］ relieve sb. of sth. 使某人減輕/解除某事。carry out完成;執(zhí)行。be programmed to do sth. 按預(yù)定程度（計劃）做某事。

48. ［答案］

它將是一部和汽車一樣沒有情感的機器，但它有一個指令儲存器，并具有一定程度的受指令控制的或內(nèi)裝的適應(yīng)能力，即根據(jù)它發(fā)現(xiàn)的各類物體所處的情況做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

［注釋］ no more.。.than與…一樣都不…，如：1） Jack is no more diligent than John.（杰克和約翰一樣都不勤奮。） 2） Your story today is no more convincing than the one yesterday. （你今天講的和昨天講的一樣不能令人信服。）

49. ［答案］

但是當(dāng)有人向這些家庭主婦說明，可以毫不費力地把它關(guān)掉，或拔掉插頭，或讓它停下來，或任何時候都可以讓它走開并把自己收拾在櫥柜內(nèi)，她們很快就認(rèn)識到，這是一件她們非常想要的東西。

［注釋］ plug n. 插頭;vt. 把插頭插上。unplug vt. 把插頭拔掉。put away 把…收拾好，例如：Put away your books when you finish your work. 最好把them的指代關(guān)系翻譯出來，否則可能會扣分。

50. ［答案］

現(xiàn)在人們普遍認(rèn)為，沒有比晚上去睡覺時知道你睡著以后有機器人在樓下替你洗餐具更高興的事了。

［注釋］ washing up 洗餐具。

小結(jié)

本文劃線句子的難度與2010年考研模擬題基本同步。5個句子的長度分別為：25字，28字，39字， 44字和24字，總計160字。按考試大綱要求，英譯漢劃線句子的總字?jǐn)?shù)為150字左右。英譯漢解題時間一般為30分鐘左右。在劃線句子中如遇不認(rèn)識的詞，可根據(jù)上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系推測其概念性含義。

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51. 寫請假條［參考樣文］

Dear Mr. Wang，

I beg to apply for one week’s leave of absence from the 10th to the 16th instant， both days inclusive， so as to go home to see my mother， who is seriously ill in hospital.

To support my application， I herewith submit the text of a short message to that effect received from my father.

I shall very much appreciate it if you could approve my request. As far as the work to be held up due to my absence is concerned， I will try hard to compensate for it as soon as I get back.

Thank you for your attention.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

（101 words）

注： I beg to apply for.。.茲申請…。instant （=of the present month） 本月（用于日期后）。herewith同此，隨信。submit提交。to that effect上述內(nèi)容的。hold up 耽誤。compensate for彌補。

此文必須背熟，類似便箋很可能要考！

參考譯文：

尊敬的王先生：

茲因母親病重住院， 特懇求請假一周回家探望，從本月10日起到16日止。

附上父親發(fā)來的有關(guān)手機短信，以茲證明。

如果你批準(zhǔn)我的請求，我將萬分感激。至于請假所耽誤的工作，待我返回后定將努力補上。

多謝關(guān)照。

此致

敬禮

李明

Part B

52. ［參考樣文］

As is depicted in the first picture， a farmer was working in the fields. All of a sudden he saw a hare running in the distance， only to dash itself against a big stump. The hare was seriously injured and could not move any more. The man came over and， to his delight， picked it up and went home happily. The second picture shows that the farmer was sitting near the stump， waiting for another hare to appear. But nothing similar happened at all.

The set of pictures tells us that those who dream of reaping without sowing will achieve nothing. Ironically， there are a lot of people in our life who are unwilling to make painstaking efforts but greedy for success. They tend to trust to chance and luck. My previous experiences in study and work have proven that in order to succeed， first and foremost， one should be both hardworking and persevering. We should strive for possible success. There is no reason for us to look to any accidental gain.

In my opinion， at no time and on no account should we trust to chance or luck. So my conclusion is that success results from hard work. （199 words）

注： in the distance在遠處。“only to + 動詞”意為“結(jié)果卻…”，表示與主觀愿望相反的客觀結(jié)果。stump 樹樁。reaping without sowing 不勞而獲。trust to.。. 依靠（運氣等）。persevering 有毅力的。look to.。. 依賴或指望某人提供某事物或做某事。industry n. 勤奮。

小結(jié)

Part A為應(yīng)用文中的便箋（Note）。Part B為提綱漫畫作文，與近年考試的命題形式基本一致;這種命題形式不僅要求考生描繪情境，而且要求考生說明內(nèi)涵并結(jié)合實際生活經(jīng)歷發(fā)表個人的見解。考生應(yīng)從參考作文中歸納出短文框架、段落結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型，以達到舉一反三、觸類旁通的目的。要通過背誦和改寫，達到活用的目的。短文寫作解題時間Part A一般為15分鐘左右，而Part B一般為30分鐘左右。