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1.與所指代的名詞在性、數(shù)、格上是否一致

如：Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect.

It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.

2.that的指代作用

that指代不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(如是復(fù)數(shù)，用those)，后面通常跟有修飾語，如出現(xiàn)在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的that of。如：Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with that of listener, and it calls for occasional “digestive pauses” by both.

No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.

3.one的指代作用

one指代不確指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。the one 指代確指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如：

A good writer is one who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.