考研英語翻譯真題及答案
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
將下列句子譯成英語：(本大題共20分，第1題2分，其余各題均3分)
1. 水一煮沸請立即把開關(guān)關(guān)掉。
2. 在八十年代，中國人民將以更大的步伐向前邁進。
3. 我們都同意李同志已作出的決定。
4. 這個結(jié)果比我們預(yù)期的要好得多。
5. 在過去的三年中，在恢復(fù)我國國民經(jīng)濟方面做了大量的工作。
6. 我們把英語作為學(xué)習(xí)西方先進科學(xué)技術(shù)的一種工具。
7. 沒有黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我國的社會主義現(xiàn)代化是不可能實現(xiàn)的。
翻譯：
Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) withgreater strides in 1980’s.
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.
7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party.
Section VII English-Chinese Translation將下列短文譯成漢語：(本大題30分)(文科各類專業(yè)譯第1段，理、工、醫(yī)、農(nóng)、體各類專業(yè)譯第2段)
(1)
The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.
First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed as he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through painstaking work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.
Second, Einstein’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.
Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.
Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius”whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.
Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein’s theories, his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.
(2)
Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (廢料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化爐). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.
The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics (低溫學(xué)), are difficult to imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium (液態(tài)氦) and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. The laser, with its beam of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.
But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a large number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus (金星) or Mars (火星).
翻譯：
Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)
(1)
阿伯特·愛因斯坦的一生在許多方面，無論是對自然科學(xué)家，還是政治科學(xué)家，都是一個范例。
首先，他總是運用從事實中尋求真理的地。正如他所說的，他堅信“關(guān)于宇宙沒有東西是不可知的，”并經(jīng)過艱苦的勞動，了許多在他那個時代被認為是“不可知”的種種現(xiàn)象。而且，當(dāng)事實證明他的理論是錯誤的時候，愛因斯坦也從不害怕承認錯誤。
其次，愛因斯坦的貢獻說明理論工作對科學(xué)成就的巨大的重要性。雖然他自己很少在實驗室工作，他所發(fā)展的各種概念使科學(xué)取得了許多進展，從而形成了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)。
第三，愛因斯坦深信科學(xué)家必須具有道德和社會意識。這樣，他鼓舞了整個一代的科學(xué)家，使他們積極參加共產(chǎn)主義運動。
愛因斯坦在資產(chǎn)階級的筆下被描繪為一個“天才”，他的理論是如此地難于理解，以致只有少數(shù)最杰出的科學(xué)家才能懂得。但是，他本人不同意別人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。他的謙遜態(tài)度是眾所周知的，他常常對來訪者強調(diào)說，如果沒有他的話，別人也肯定能夠取得他那樣的成就。
事實上，愛因斯坦的相對論以及他的其他科學(xué)論著稍加研究是不難懂得的。但是除了學(xué)習(xí)愛因斯坦的理論外，他對于利用科學(xué)作為一種工具來解放人類的總的態(tài)度是每個人能夠?qū)W習(xí)的，而且也是應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的。
(2)
從現(xiàn)在到本世紀末，將有許多令人興奮的發(fā)展，同樣也有許多困難的問題，需要加以處理。也許最為迫切的問題是提供足夠的糧食。到2000年世界人口預(yù)期將達到70億，但是科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)培育出各種小麥、稻谷和牲畜的優(yōu)良品種。他們還在實驗只用化合物和水的混合劑來培植作物的技術(shù)，到那里就可不需一般的土壤了。世界將面對著的另一問題是處理廢物。有一個解決辦法就是在焚化爐中用高溫的廢物燒掉。這種方法的一個新發(fā)展，可能在將來證明極為有用，即是以這些焚火爐來產(chǎn)生蒸汽動力。事實是，任何新的能源都將是非常受歡迎的，因為石油已感不足。要解決能源問題，科學(xué)家們也許會高潮更多地利用太陽能。
諸如激光學(xué)和低溫學(xué)，某些科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的可能作用是難以想象的，它們兩者已經(jīng)有若干用途。低溫學(xué)的過冷作用將液態(tài)氦及某些氣體變成“超流體”，將某些金屬變成“超導(dǎo)體”，使它們沒有電阻，從而可以在好些方面改變世界面貌。激光，以它強烈的光束，可在金剛石上鉆孔，也可以很好地加以控制來進行難做的眼科手術(shù)。問題是它將被大量用于和平的目的呢，還是用途致使的武器。
但最驚人的發(fā)展也許將出現(xiàn)在宇宙飛行方面。過去的困難之一在于代價太高。但現(xiàn)在航天飛機正在發(fā)展，這種航天飛機可以使用多次而不是僅僅一次而已。人類已經(jīng)到過月球。也許到本世紀末人類對金星或火星等將有一個精細的觀察。

中國有多少個民族？

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