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考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作應(yīng)用文的考查類型及測(cè)試要點(diǎn)
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xiyiwei001
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  • 注冊(cè)于:2013-08-29
發(fā)表于 2013-08-29 22:29
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考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作應(yīng)用文的考查類型及測(cè)試要點(diǎn)


一、信函類
  1.信的基本類型
  英文書(shū)信主要分為兩大類:私人信函和公務(wù)信函。私人信函是指與朋友、家人之間的往來(lái)書(shū)信,其內(nèi)容比較自由,只需要包括以下幾個(gè)部分即可:日期、稱呼、正文、落款。公務(wù)信函類型多樣,應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛,屬正式文體,包括求職信、辭職信、拒聘信、詢問(wèn)信、復(fù)詢信、留學(xué)和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)信、投訴信、答復(fù)賠償信等。此類信件的共同特點(diǎn)是:1.內(nèi)容明確,不可漫無(wú)目標(biāo);2.措辭誠(chéng)懇,坦然,不能感情夸張;3.語(yǔ)言清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔、有禮。從形式上看應(yīng)該側(cè)重考查公務(wù)信函,因?yàn)橹挥写祟愋藕判栌玫綍?shū)面語(yǔ)的正式語(yǔ)體。
  2.各類信函的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)
  以下主要針對(duì)公務(wù)信函,介紹幾種常見(jiàn)信函的基本特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于其他不同功能的信件,考生可以根據(jù)本書(shū)醫(yī)學(xué)考研論壇的介紹做到舉一反三。在備考階段,考生應(yīng)熟悉各類信函的書(shū)寫(xiě)模式及常用話語(yǔ)并加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。
 。1)求職信(Letters of Applying for a Job)
  通常包含三個(gè)部分:a)引言部分寫(xiě)明寫(xiě)信原因、具體謀求的職位、獲得申請(qǐng)信息的來(lái)源(如:報(bào)紙廣告、熟人介紹)等。b)發(fā)展部分?jǐn)⑹鲎约耗軌騽偃卧撀毼凰邆涞臈l件,包括教育背景、工作經(jīng)歷、社會(huì)實(shí)踐等。這部分內(nèi)容要具體,不要空洞游說(shuō)或者列舉,用事實(shí)說(shuō)服會(huì)更有力。C)結(jié)尾部分再次表達(dá)對(duì)職位的渴望,爭(zhēng)取面試機(jī)會(huì)。如請(qǐng)求及時(shí)回信、希望當(dāng)面洽談、提供進(jìn)一步接觸的聯(lián)系方式或指出附件中有相關(guān)的證明文件等。
  求職信的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、規(guī)范、得體。其常用套語(yǔ)有:
  引言:I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in...
  In answer to your advertisement in... for the post of... , I would like to apply for...
  I have learned from... (sb) of your opening/vacancy for... (job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post.
  發(fā)展:I am now a senior student in (Department) of (University), and I expect to graduate in (date) with a degree in (discipline).
  I receive my (degree) in  (subject) from (name of university) in (date).
  Since graduation, I have been working with (name of company/organization) as (job title)
  I was awarded the prize of (title) in (month/year) for (eg. good performance in  etc.)
  I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.
  結(jié)尾:Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer.
  If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.
 。2)辭職信(Letters of Resignation)
  正式的辭職信應(yīng)具備以下要素: a)受理者恰當(dāng)?shù)姆Q呼; b)辭職決定及其理由(如:未受公司重用或尊重,健康、家庭或個(gè)人原因,另覓一份更適合自己的工作等); c)緩和氣氛的語(yǔ)句,如對(duì)原單位所給予工作機(jī)會(huì)以及提供的工作經(jīng)歷表示感謝,對(duì)因自己辭職而給對(duì)方帶來(lái)的不便表示歉意,表達(dá)對(duì)原單位的良好祝愿等等。
  需要注意的是:避免負(fù)面評(píng)論。不論什么原因,不要對(duì)你的公司政策、老板、管理人員、同事做任何負(fù)心理學(xué)考研面評(píng)價(jià)。
  常用套語(yǔ)如下:
  稱呼:Dear Mr. Smith
  辭職決定和理由: With regret, I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.
  I hereby confirm in writing my resignation from ABC Company because of family reasons.
  緩和語(yǔ)氣的話:I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks for all the support that I have received over the last few weeks, and for the enjoyable experience of having worked for your company.
  I hope you will consider my request, and I apologize for any inconveniences I might have caused.
  I wish all of you a prosperous future
 。3)留學(xué)和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)信(Letters of Applying for Admittance and Scholarship)
  申請(qǐng)者是通過(guò)申請(qǐng)信爭(zhēng)取繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的機(jī)會(huì),而申請(qǐng)學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人則是通過(guò)該信決定其是否具有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。因此這封信需要盡可能得表現(xiàn)寫(xiě)信人所具有的優(yōu)勢(shì),比如個(gè)人性格優(yōu)點(diǎn),學(xué)業(yè)工作成績(jī)等等。信的內(nèi)容通常涉及:
  a) 申請(qǐng)?jiān)搶W(xué)校/獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的原因;
  b) 使你對(duì)某個(gè)專業(yè)產(chǎn)生興趣的學(xué)術(shù)背景和訓(xùn)練;
  c) 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn);
  d) 能證明你潛能的研究;
  e) 未來(lái)職業(yè)計(jì)劃。
  如果對(duì)方學(xué)校有要求,還應(yīng)附上“個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷”、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)、研究成果的摘要等。
  雖然申請(qǐng)信需要表現(xiàn)自己去爭(zhēng)取機(jī)會(huì),但其語(yǔ)言不應(yīng)過(guò)于夸張,避免使用像excellent,remarkable,wonderful,great之類的形容詞吹捧申請(qǐng)的學(xué);蚩湟约,而應(yīng)自然而平實(shí)。其常用套語(yǔ)有:
  I am a student in... , expecting to graduate with a Bachelor’s degree this summer.
  I am interested in... and plan to apply for admission for (time).
  I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in...
  I should be pleased to forward my credentials, such as references, transcripts and photocopies of IELTS scores.
 。4)詢問(wèn)信(Letters of Inquiry)
  詢問(wèn)信是請(qǐng)求對(duì)方提供需要信息的信件。可分三大部分:引言部分自我介紹并講明詢問(wèn)目的。發(fā)展部分是詢問(wèn)的主要內(nèi)容,如果包括多個(gè)方面,為了讓對(duì)方一目了然,也便于回答,在內(nèi)容的安排上應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明扼要,可以用數(shù)字列出具體問(wèn)題,如first, second, third或1、2、3。結(jié)尾部分真誠(chéng)地感謝對(duì)方。
  由于詢問(wèn)有可能給對(duì)方帶來(lái)麻煩,所以措辭要謙虛考研培訓(xùn)、誠(chéng)懇。其常用套語(yǔ)有:
  引言:As a student at... university, I am preparing for...
  Your answers to the questions below would help me...
  As we are particularly interested in... , we should be grateful if you would kindly...
  發(fā)展:Could you please send me the relevant information and application form?
  結(jié)尾:Your answer will contribute to my project.
  I would appreciate receiving your answer by... ( time ).
 。5)投訴信
  投投訴信是因?yàn)閷?duì)服務(wù)、商品等不滿而向諸如商店、廠家、消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)等相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)機(jī)構(gòu)寫(xiě)的信件。寫(xiě)此類信件時(shí)候,應(yīng)注意寫(xiě)信的目的不僅僅是表示不滿,更重要的是讓對(duì)方了解并解決你所遇到的問(wèn)題。因此投訴信的內(nèi)容可包括:
  1)反映問(wèn)題。比如應(yīng)具體說(shuō)明什么質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,并提供確切的發(fā)票,問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容要明確而具體。
  2)說(shuō)明由此問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的不便、比如時(shí)間或精神上的損失等,內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是。
  3)提出解決方案,賠償方法和方式等,所提出的要求要合理。
  4)結(jié)尾既要提出希望,比如要求對(duì)方盡快解決問(wèn)題,同時(shí)又要為對(duì)方做出的努力表示感謝,這樣對(duì)方才可能以積極的態(tài)度處理并解決你的問(wèn)題。
  投訴信的語(yǔ)氣要堅(jiān)決,但注意禮貌用詞,不宜過(guò)分尖銳,敘述問(wèn)題時(shí)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。其常用套語(yǔ)有:
  引言:I am returning... which I bought from your store in... (time).
  I must complain about...
  發(fā)展:This has put us to great inconvenience.
  Therefore, I am returning... and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.
  結(jié)尾:We hope that you will understand our expectation of the compensation for our damaged goods.
  I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.
  Having been given your excellent reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to...
(6)建議信
  建議信是寫(xiě)信人希望對(duì)解決問(wèn)題有所幫助而向相關(guān)部門或者個(gè)人寫(xiě)的信件,其主要目的是提出自己的意見(jiàn),希望對(duì)方能夠采納并采取相應(yīng)行動(dòng)。為了達(dá)到交際目的,所提建議要合理、可行、容易讓對(duì)方接受。除此之外還需要注意語(yǔ)氣要和善,要與對(duì)方拉近距離而不可盛氣凌人。
建議信的內(nèi)容一般包括:1)提出亟待解決的問(wèn)題;2) 分析造成問(wèn)題的原因;3)提出解決辦法。
常用套語(yǔ)有:
提出問(wèn)題:It seems that … (not have desired effects, not have obtained the full attention; be not satisfactory/ perfect; have harmful/ deadly/ serious/negative effects)
I am …(deeply/ really/ seriously/ terribly/greatly) concerned / worried / sad / confused about…
分析原因:Currently, … especially … ;Therefore,… ;This leads to…;  one of the factors is …;
It is understood that if…it will….
提出解決方法:In order to combat the growing problem of… , … should reduce/ increase/ ensure…; I think it would be more beneficial if you could….; I think it would be helpful to….
(7)道歉信
  道歉信是寫(xiě)信人對(duì)未盡之事向收信人表示歉意。所有道歉信都需要注意的是:解釋的理由要真實(shí)而詳細(xì),態(tài)度要誠(chéng)懇、語(yǔ)言要誠(chéng)摯,從而使收信人理解,并達(dá)到最終諒解。道歉信的內(nèi)容可包括:1)表示歉意并說(shuō)明道歉的事因;2)解釋自己的難處或苦衷;3)請(qǐng)求原諒或提出補(bǔ)救的方法。
常用套語(yǔ)有:
表達(dá)歉意:There’s no excuse for … I forgot to ….
I am indeed very sorry for …, but believe I had no intention to…
Here is my deepest apology for ...
Please forgive me for …
解釋苦衷:The fact is that I had …/ Unfortunately I …/ I had a small accident …/ I have some urgent business to deal with  My behavior yesterday was inexcusable, and I must tell you how …
請(qǐng)求原諒提出補(bǔ)救方法:I want you to know how badly feel about… and to assure you that it will not happen again.
I realize that particular… is irreplaceable, but I hope you will use the enclosed check to purchase a similar one.
I hope this situation can be mended to everyone’s satisfaction.
I can only hope you will forgive … on my part.
(8)感謝信
  感謝信的目的是感激對(duì)方為自己的付出,感激之情要傳達(dá)得真摯自然,不要刻意夸大。感謝信所涉及的內(nèi)容多種多樣,比如可以感謝對(duì)方替自己做了一件事情,在自己痛苦時(shí)安慰了自己,出席了自己的宴會(huì)等等。其內(nèi)容包括:1)表達(dá)感激之情2)回顧事情的經(jīng)過(guò) 3)肯定對(duì)方幫助的價(jià)值以及對(duì)自己的影響,表達(dá)自己回報(bào)的愿望。
常用套語(yǔ)有:
表達(dá)感激之情:Thanks so much for…;Abundant thanks to … for…
I’m writing to express my heartfelt thanks for …
On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in …I must write to thank you for inviting me to…
肯定對(duì)方幫助的價(jià)值及影響:You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your …meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your…
表達(dá)回報(bào)的愿望:I hope I can return the favor someday … Do call on me if I can ever return the favor.
  感謝信中比較特殊是求職者面試后給面試官寫(xiě)的信。此類感謝信的內(nèi)旅游管理考研容不只是感謝,而是一般感謝信和求職信的結(jié)合。其主要內(nèi)容包括:(1)感謝對(duì)方給你面談的機(jī)會(huì),并注明你面試的時(shí)間和所求的職位;(2)說(shuō)明你對(duì)該公司、該職位的興趣,強(qiáng)調(diào)你的知識(shí)與技能符合公司的需要,表示自己能為公司的發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。也可以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或澄清在面談中忽略或沒(méi)有講明的問(wèn)題(3)重申你對(duì)該職位的興趣,主動(dòng)提供更多的材料,表示期待他們的消息

哭成小淚人
  • 積分:87
  • 注冊(cè)于:2014-01-07
發(fā)表于 2014-01-09 14:12
沙發(fā)
應(yīng)用文的我不清楚,不過(guò)考研寫(xiě)作的復(fù)習(xí)方法可以給 你提供些建議:
1.
以復(fù)習(xí)歷年真題為基礎(chǔ),總結(jié)分析各類作文的特點(diǎn)以及寫(xiě)作思路

2.
整理社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題,多讀和話題相關(guān)的英文原版文章,搜集話題相關(guān)句型和詞組,背誦并模仿寫(xiě)作


3.
大量閱讀優(yōu)秀范文,整理自己的寫(xiě)作模板和論證句型

4.
用自己的句型和模板練習(xí)寫(xiě)作押題作文。



哭成小淚人
  • 積分:87
  • 注冊(cè)于:2014-01-07
發(fā)表于 2014-01-09 14:12
3樓
應(yīng)用文的我不清楚,不過(guò)考研寫(xiě)作的復(fù)習(xí)方法可以給 你提供些建議:
1.
以復(fù)習(xí)歷年真題為基礎(chǔ),總結(jié)分析各類作文的特點(diǎn)以及寫(xiě)作思路

2.
整理社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題,多讀和話題相關(guān)的英文原版文章,搜集話題相關(guān)句型和詞組,背誦并模仿寫(xiě)作


3.
大量閱讀優(yōu)秀范文,整理自己的寫(xiě)作模板和論證句型

4.
用自己的句型和模板練習(xí)寫(xiě)作押題作文。



哭成小淚人
  • 積分:87
  • 注冊(cè)于:2014-01-07
發(fā)表于 2014-01-09 14:12
4樓
應(yīng)用文的我不清楚,不過(guò)考研寫(xiě)作的復(fù)習(xí)方法可以給 你提供些建議:
1.
以復(fù)習(xí)歷年真題為基礎(chǔ),總結(jié)分析各類作文的特點(diǎn)以及寫(xiě)作思路

2.
整理社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題,多讀和話題相關(guān)的英文原版文章,搜集話題相關(guān)句型和詞組,背誦并模仿寫(xiě)作


3.
大量閱讀優(yōu)秀范文,整理自己的寫(xiě)作模板和論證句型

4.
用自己的句型和模板練習(xí)寫(xiě)作押題作文。



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